bioethics Flashcards
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Moral Philosophy
Aims to develop critical thinking skills, ethical awaresness and the ability to apply philosophical perspectives to contemporary moral issues.
Moral Philosophy
Moral reasoning and decision making
is a practical and normative science based on reason that studies human acts and provides norms for their goodness or badness. It is likewise, known as moral philosophy insofar as it deals human acts.
ETHICS
deals with a systematized body of knowledge that can be used, practiced, and applied to human action. It considers the usefulness, practicality, and application of human knowledge to one’s experience, as distinguished from theoretical knowledge, which is simply interested in the truth for its own sake, without any bearing on action and experience.
ETHICS AS PRACTICAL SCIENCE
Ethics establishes norms or standards for the direction and regulation of human actions. It attempts to resolve questions that involve determining if an act is right or wrong or if there is a norm of good-and evil among others
ETHICS AS NORMATIVE SCIENCE
Based on reason, Investigates and analyzes facts and draws practical applications to particular actions.
Ethical Studies
Does not subscribe to, nor will rely on, a divine revelation for the final answers or resolutions of certain moral issues. (Divine revelations allegedly refers to certain knowledge revealed by God to humans, which one cannot fully understand but has to accept as true because God said so and one knows that God can neither deceive the person nor be deceived by the person).
Ethical Studies
What makes ethics different from religion?
The religionist contends that there can be no moraliny without God, Whereas the ethician maintains that morality is still possible despite the non-existence of God.
Ethics only deals with human acts insofar as they are performed with intellectual deliberation and freedom.
The acts of irrational animals and insane persons are devoid of moral significance; they are amoral beings performing non-moral acts.
- Done with knowledge and full consent. One knows what one is doing, and one does it freely and willingly.
HUMAN ACTS
- Refers to those which are performed in the absence of either knowledge or consent or both.
ACTS OF MAN-
- One that can be overcome by exerting effort.
VINCIBLE IGNORANCE
One that can be hardly be removed even if one were to attempt to overcome it.
INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE-
Refers to a situation in which one’s conscience errs or is mistaken. ➢
ERRONEOUS CONSCIENCE
Sincerity and honesty with one’s reason, conscience, and knowledge about the goodness and badness of a certain act will determine the degree of one’s culpability and inculpability and responsiblity and non-responsiblity.
ERRONEOUS CONSCIENCE
Immanuel Kant (1724-1804), a German rationalist thinker, mentioned three postulates of ethics.
❖ Human Freedom
❖ Immorality of the soul ❖ God (1960; 1949)
Ethical Postulates
Before an act, one is conscious that he/she deliberates the reasons in favor of or against a definite action; unless his/her will is free, this deliberation would be absurd.
➢ During the decision, one is conscious that he/she is giving his/her consent freely, so he/she performs his/her responsiblity.
➢ After the decision, he/she is conscious that he/she could have made a different decision, and he/she blames or praises himself/herself for any regret or credit accruing from the action.
Human Freedom
