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Bioethics > Bioethics > Flashcards

Bioethics Flashcards

1
Q

Declaration of geneva

A

WMA ethics unit:
•excerside independent professional judgement
•maintain highest standards of profesional conduct
•deal honestly with patients and colleagues
•report to authorities those physicians who paractice unethically, incompetently, or engage in fraud or deception
•certifiy only that which he/she has personally verified
•give patients complete loyalty and all scietific resourses available

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2
Q

Cognitive Competencies

A
  • Knowledge
  • Information Management
  • application of information to real life situations
  • use of tacit knowledge and personal experience
  • recognition of gaps in one’s knowledge
  • self directed acquisitoin of new knowledge through questions and other means
  • awareness of, and ability to make adjustments for, biases that affect knowledge
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3
Q

Integrative competencies

A
  • application of scientific, clinical, and ethical information
  • use of logic and reasoning strategies
  • linking of interdisciplinary adn clinical knowledge
  • managing uncertainty
  • critical reflection about fallacies
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4
Q

Relational Competencies

A
  • communication skills
  • handling conflict
  • teamwork
  • teaching others
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5
Q

Moral Competencies

A
  • attentiveness
  • curiosity
  • awareness of emotion
  • recognition of, and response to, their own biases
  • readiness to acknowledge and correct others
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6
Q

Types of competencies:

A

cognitive, integrative, relational, moral

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7
Q

Informatics

A

science of processing data for strage and tretieval

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8
Q

Distance Medicine

A

provision of healthcare services, clinical information, and/or education of distance and time using ICT

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9
Q

ICT

A

information communication technology

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10
Q

Female risk of alcohol abuse

A

> 7 drinks per week or 3 per occasion

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11
Q

Male risk of alcohol abuse

A

> 14 drinks per week or 4 drinks per occasion

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12
Q

Med student alcohol statistics

A 
10% >20 drinks/week during med school
25% abusing alcohol when they start
32% by graduation
reporting on impairment usually 7 yrs after graduation
avg age on referral 44
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13
Q

Fallacies

A

Tradition, popularity, authority, silence, attack

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14
Q

More to medcial school than grades

A

Gregory lopez–>shift in thinking, not about tests, about future pts, interpersonal skills, professionalism and Mel rosenfeld–>don’t know what future will be like, critical thinking

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15
Q

Doc i need a smart pill

A

dan larriviere–>up to the doctor, patient-physician relationship

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16
Q

imparied resident

A

erin egan–>duty to report, threat to pt care?, look for advice
dewitt c baldwin–>whats going on?, depression, treatment

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17
Q

Ethics

A

deals with how we outh to behave. means of examining and understanding what is right and wrong, good and bad, moral and immoral. seeks to define and understand morality

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18
Q

Morality

A

conforming to accepted rules and standards guiding human behavior. reflects what given society defines and morally acceptable

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19
Q

Law

A

enacted or customary rule enjoining or prohibiting certain actions. integrated with but distinct from morality and ethics. typically enforce moral values of their society

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20
Q

PHILOSOPHY

A

use of reason adn argument ins seeking truth and knowledge or reality, especially causes and nature of things

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21
Q

cultural competency

A

requires drs to deliever idividualized pt centered care

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22
Q

culturally competen students and drs must

A

reflect on and recognise own cultural beliefs, ask pts about their beliefs about health and disease, develop communication skills to improve pt compliance and outcomes, acknowledge adn respond to health disparities

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23
Q

Principalism

A

using bioethics principles to analyse and negotiate dilemmas

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24
Q

Principles

A
  • Respect for persons
  • beneficence
  • nonmaleficence
  • utility
  • justice
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25
Q

respect for persons

A

foundation of doctor-pt relationship, decisions in light of each pt’s wishes, needs adn lifestyles; dignity; autonomy; veracity; fidelity; avoidance of killing; informed consent; privacy; confidentiality

Limits: harm principle, paternalism, loss of capacity

26
Q

Beneficence

A

concerned with with pt’s best interest–>palliative care and pain management

27
Q

Utility

A

combines beneficence and nonmaleficence to encourage actions that produce net good adn minimize net harm

pt and social utility

28
Q

Justice

A

an action or situation is just if it is fair, equitable, adn appropriate in light of what is due or owed to persons

one who has a valid claim based in justice has a right and is therefore due something; injustice involves wrongful acto ro omission that denies people benefits to which they have a right or fails to distribut burdens fairly

29
Q

utilitarian theory

A

uses divers criteria to maximize public utility

30
Q

libertarian theory

A

emphasizes rights to social and economic liberty and is concerned more with fair procedures than outcomes

31
Q

communitarian theory

A

considers the evolution of priniples and practices of justice in communities

32
Q

egalitarian theory

A

suppors equal access to goods that that every rational person would value

33
Q

procedural justice

A

concerned with fairness of law and policy

34
Q

distributive justice

A

concerned with the criteria for how risks, benefits, arms, rights, and responsibilities are distributed

35
Q

social justice

A

based on priniple of equality adn on human rights and dignity

36
Q

refual of care “but doctor I want to go home”

A

carrese 2006–>respect autonomy but try to convince them with different framing

37
Q

treatemtn of sickle cell pain

A

zempsky 2009–>SCD pain study, more pain, give them meds

38
Q

what’s in a number

A

weisberg 2012–>pain measuring

39
Q

treating sickle cell pain like cancer pain

A

brookoof and polomano 2002–>more meds

40
Q

reasonable person standard

A

drs should give pts all information a reasonable person would want to know for informed consent

41
Q

Elements of informed consent

A
  • decision making capacity
  • disclosure
  • understanding
  • voluntariness
  • authorization*
42
Q

excpetions to informed consent

A
  • practicing on dead bodies

- emergencies

43
Q

deontological theory

A

some things are inherently morally wrong, moral worth stems from reason, reason enables one to recognizes adn do ones duties, moral duties are categorical imperatives that apply to everyone everywhere regardless of context and override self interest

value of human life centers on dignity which stems from rationality adn autonomy, ephasizes justice

44
Q

consequential/utility theory

A

maximize goodness/happiness, minimize harm; places superogatory demands on everyone; aligned with the principle of utility

45
Q

virtue theory

A

actions can be morally right or good if they exemplify virtuous traits, but that actions are not inherently virtuous simply by conforming to some moral rule, deals wieth intentions and character (not rules and outcomes)

46
Q

bioethics theories

A

suppositions or systems of ideas that explain someting and are often based on principles

47
Q

character

A

collective qualities or traits taht distinguish a person, like moral strength and reputation

48
Q

CRAP

A

Currency, Reliability, Authority, Purpose

49
Q

Euthanasia

A

painlessly killing or permitting death of individuals who are ill or injured beyond hope of recovery

50
Q

Voluntary active euthanasia

A

hastening one’s own eath by use of drugs or other means with a doctor’s direct assistance

51
Q

passive euthanasia

A

hastening death by withdrawing life-sustaining treatment and letting nature take its course

52
Q

involuntary euthanasia

A

causing or hastening the death of someone who has not asked for assistance with dying such as a pt who has lost consciousness and is unlikely to regain it

53
Q

physician-assisted death

A

physician providing the means for a patient to end his own life, usually barbituate script, pt thatkes themselves

54
Q

traditional goals of medicine

A

saving life, curing disease, relieving suffering and promoting health

55
Q

modern goals of medicine

A

prevent disease and injury, promote and maintain health, relieve pain and suffering, care for and about patients including those one can’t cure, avoid premature death, pursue a peaceful death for patients

56
Q

abortion reading

A

conservative: don marquis–>abortion is wrong the same as killing, deprives victim of a valuable future (future like ours)
liberal: judith thomson–>fetus doesn’t necessarily have the right to jsue the pregnant woman’s body; margret little–>not murder, but not necessarily moral, wrong to have a child when they are not capable of being good mothers
moderate: zygoe≠human, but late-gestation fetus is virtuallly identical to a born infant, early abortions better than late ones

57
Q

therapeutic misconception

A

belief that a drug or treatement is efficacious when it has not been conclusively proven to do so

58
Q

therapeutic misrepresentation

A

implying that a drug or treatment is efficacious knowing that it has not conclusively been proven to be so

59
Q

Declaration of Helsinki

A

well-being of the human subject should take precedence of the interest of science and society

60
Q

nuremburg code

A

voluntary consent is essential

61
Q

belmont report

A

response to tuskegee—>IRBs

62
Q

requirements for medical research

A
  • provids accurate and meaningful data
  • utilizes fair subject selection
  • maintains a favorable benefit to arm ratio for participants
  • upholds respect for persons
  • obtains each element of informed consent
  • ensures voluntariness of participants
  • undergoes ethical review and IRB approval

Bioethics (1 decks)

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