Bioethics

Question 1

what are the three approaches to bioethics

Answer 1

consequence-based, duty/rule based, virtues based

Question 2

what is a consequence based approach

Answer 2

an approach the places central importance on the consideration of the consequences of an action, with the aim to achieve maximisation of positive outcomes and minimisation of negative effects

Question 3

what is a duty and/or rule based approach

Answer 3

approach concerned with how people act and places central importance on the idea that people have a duty to act in a particular way, and/or the certain ethical rules must be followed regardless of the consequences that may be produced

Question 4

what is a virtues based approach

Answer 4

approach is a person rather than action based. consideration is given to the virtue or moral character of the person carrying out the action, providing guidance about the characteristics and behaviours a good person would seek to achieve to then be able to act in the right way

Question 5

what are the ethical concepts

Answer 5

Integrity, justice, beneficence, non-maleficence and respect

Question 6

what is integrity

Answer 6

searching for knowledge and understanding and the honest reporting of all sources of information and communication of results and contribute to public knowledge and understanding.

Question 7

what is justice

Answer 7

ensure that there is fair consideration of competing claims; that there is no unfair burden on a particular group from an action; and that there is fair distribution and access to the benefits of an action

Question 8

beneficence

Answer 8

the commitment to maximising benefits and minimising the risks and harms involved in taking a particular position or course of action.

Question 9

non-maleficence

Answer 9

avoiding the causes of harm implies that the harm resulting from any position or course of action should not be disproportionate to the benefits from any position or course of action.

Question 10

respect

Answer 10

consideration of the extent to which living have value; consideration of the capacity of living things to make their own decisions; and when living things have diminished capacity to make their own decisions ensuring that they are empowered where possible and protected as necessary.