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Bioethics and IPR > Bioethics > Flashcards

Bioethics Flashcards

1
Q

Ethics

A

set of morals and code of behaviour that governs individual’s action with other individual and within the society

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2
Q

difference in ethics and morals

A

morals are which people believe to be right and good while ethics is the critical reflection of morals

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3
Q

bioethics

A 
the moral issues and problems that have arisen as a result of 
. modern medicine 
 cultural differences 
ethical dilemmas
medical research
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4
Q

bioethics are which issues

A

life and death issues

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5
Q

ethics and bioethics can be

A

personal
organizational
institutional
worldwide

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6
Q

laws

A

they are mandatory to which all citizens must adhere or risk civil or criminal liability

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7
Q

ethics

A

they are morals and help us to organize complex information and competing values and interests of formulate consistent and coharent decisions

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8
Q

hippocrates symphasized

A

beneficiance and nonmaleficiance which means to help and not to harm

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9
Q

medial ethics are carried from

A

1st century ad and in charkha samhita

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10
Q

principles of bioethics

A 
autonomy
beneficiance
nonmaleficiance
justice
privacy/confidentiality
fidelity
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11
Q

autonomy

A

right to participate in and to decide on a course of action without someones undue influence
self determination - freedom to act independently
individual actions direct towards the goals that are ones own

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12
Q

maleficence /nonmaleficence

A

principle and obligation of good and avoiding harm
principle counsels that the provider should relate to the client and should be in best interest of client and not the provider

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13
Q

justice

A

principle of morals equity equality

comparative and non comparative

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14
Q

comparative justice

A

justice /decision made on outcomes
ho to determine who qualifies to have one available kidney
that is male 55 ear old with 3 children or 13 year old girl

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15
Q

non comparative justice

A

kidney made available with the use of lottery systems

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16
Q

privacy and confidentiality

A

respecting individual knowledge

respecting self of others

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17
Q

fidelity

A

strict observance of promises and duties

all principles should be followed by the provider and the client

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18
Q

principle of biomedical ethics was written by

A

beauchamp and childress

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19
Q

international ethical guidelines were brought by

A

Health related research involving humans in 1982 under the guidance of the council of an international organization of medical sciences which was in collaboration with WHO

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20
Q

last updated version of theses ethical guidelines

A

2016

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21
Q

Belmont report

A

1974 - national committee for the protection of human subjects of biomedical and behavioral research issued this report

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22
Q

Unesco started

A

international bioethics committee

23
Q

meaning or tiered organization of bioethics

A

every nation /country has a committee to investigate the matters of bioethics and biosafety

24
Q

bioethics committee in USA

A

the principles council of bioethics

national bioethics advisory commission

25
Q

UK

A

nuffield council of human genetics commission human fertilization and embryology authority

26
Q

indian organisations

A

indian council of medical research

27
Q

private intstitute committee

A

institutional ethics committee that report to ICMR

28
Q

IEC related to

A

animal ethics
human ethics
stem cell ethics
to participate in research

29
Q

independent ethics committee also participate to

A

investigate the matters related to bioethics and biosafety

30
Q

CPCSEA

A

committe fr the purpose of control and supervision of experiment on the animals

31
Q

IAEC

A

international animal ethical research

32
Q

IBSC/IBC

A

international biosafety committee

33
Q

Hierarchy of CPCSEA

A

ministry of environment and forest (animal welfare )
cpcsea
iaec
ibsc

34
Q

IAEC Functions

A
  1. approval of animal expermentation before the start of study
  2. if on large animals , forward it to cpcsea under the recommendation of iaec
  3. invigilate the experiments happening in lab
  4. constant visit to animal house or lab
  5. to ensure compliance of all rules and regulations
35
Q

objectives of IAEC

A
  1. observation by qualified person
  2. humanity to avoid pain
  3. experiment on large animals avoided
  4. experiments are not done to acquire manual skills
36
Q

Functions of CPCSEA

A
  1. select nominees in IAEC
  2. responsible for import of animals
  3. approval of animal house facilities
  4. action against violations
  5. permission for conducting experiments
37
Q

decision made about health care mostly involves

A

more than just medical facts about the cases

38
Q

what are the determining factors that control the action

A

ethics and values

39
Q

what is established by health care facilities

A

many ethics committes

40
Q

ethics committee are fount in

A

health facility’s

41
Q

memebers in the committe

A

12-15

42
Q

multidisciplinary members

A
  1. facility of board trustee
  2. facility member administrator
  3. facility committee of nursing
  4. a staff physician
  5. nurse
  6. social worker
  7. lay of community
43
Q

fucntions of the committee

A
  1. education
  2. development and review of laws, standards of care, institutional policies and guidelines
  3. case studies / consultation with
44
Q

education

A
  1. to to the committe members itself
  2. continuing education and in service to the facility staff
  3. to comunity
45
Q

development and review of laws , standards of care , institutional policies and guidelines

A

withdrawal and withholding of nutrition and hydration

utilization of facility resources

46
Q

case consulation with

A

patient
family
staff
clergy

47
Q

5 CIOMS guidelines

A
  1. choice of control in clinical trials
  2. individuals capable of giving informed consent
  3. modification and weivers of informed consent
  4. research includingadults incapable of giving informed consents
  5. research on disaster and disease outbreaks
48
Q

example of decision makin model

A

adpie

49
Q

assesment

A

collecting information from various sources

50
Q

diagnosis

A

to idetntify the issue

51
Q

plan

A
  1. alternatives and options
  2. to identity theconsequences of actions and non actions
  3. analyze the the values and the professional issues
  4. select the course of action
  5. justify the decision
52
Q

implentation

A

carry out decision process

53
Q

evaluation

A

learned lessons
how possibly problem could be avoided
assessments of outcomes

Bioethics and IPR (2 decks)

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