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Moral Philosophy > Bioethics > Flashcards

Bioethics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Bioethics

A
  • Study of ethical issues emerging in biology and medicine.

- Concerned with ethical questions regarding the biological science

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2
Q

What is medical ethics

A

is an applied branch of ethics which analyzes the practice of clinical medicine and related scientific research.

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3
Q

What is ethics

A

is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong

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4
Q

How is ethics different from morality

A
  • Morality refer to a single concrete act

- Ethics is the conclusion whether that action in the end is good or evil

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5
Q

Types of Ethical systems

A
  1. utilitarianism
  2. Consequentialism
  3. Proportionalism
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6
Q

What is utilitarianism?

A

promotes “the greatest amount of good for the greatest number of people.”

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7
Q

What is Consequentialism

A

suggests an action is good or bad depending on its outcome.

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8
Q

What is Proportionalism

A

asserts that one can determine the right course of action by weighing up the good and the necessary evil caused by the action

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9
Q

Moral relativism

A

States there are no absolute rules to know if something is right or wrong

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10
Q

States that there are objective moral principles by which we can decide whether an action is right and wrong

A

Thomistic Aristolenian

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11
Q

What separate us from the animals

A

our freedom to enact one’s decision

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12
Q

A special set of laws that govern our humanity (AKA. our moral compass)

A

The Natural Moral Law

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13
Q

Arguments against the objective law

A

Different cultures have their own set of their beliefs hence their own objective laws

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14
Q

Role of the 10 commandments and our moral law

A

gives us a working guide on the natural moral law

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15
Q

Can human laws be used as basis for morality?

A

Should be analyzed and scrutinized by the highest authority of a group

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16
Q

4 principles of health care ethics

A
  1. Principle of Autonomy
  2. Principle of Beneficence
  3. Principle of Justice
  4. Principle of Non maleficence
17
Q

3 components to free human acts

A
  1. Moral object
  2. Intention
  3. Circumstances
18
Q

What is The Moral object?

A

It is the object that primarily specifies an action as morally good or bad

19
Q

Example of Moral object

A

The action of a surgeon and a murder when it comes to inserting a sharp knife into a human body

20
Q

What is Intention?

A

The human act is the end purpose or goal of the doer of the action or the “Why” of the act

21
Q

Example of Intention

A

Surgeon can be doing what he does for the good of it, for profit or for approval. Same goes for the murderer

22
Q

What is Circumstances

A

are affected by the when, where and how that determines if a situation’s moral ambiguity is good or bad

23
Q

Example of Circumstances

A

When, where, and how did the surgeon perform his operation and the murderer his killing

24
Q

How do physicians enact a paternalism model

A

Physician knows everything and act as the father

25
Q

How do physicians enact the Principle of informed

A

inform their patient the risk and possible scenarios that would occur to them ahead of time.

26
Q

Two types of Principle of Informed

A
  1. General Consent

2. Informed consent

27
Q

is required before the patient can be examined or treated or before minor testing can be done

A

General Consent

28
Q

is required (generally) before an invasive procedure that carries a material risk of harm can be performed.

A

Informed consent

29
Q

Physician may opt to inform the relatives in order for them to know the condition of the patient with the due permission from the deceased

A

Principle of disclosure

30
Q

states that a harmful effect of treatment, even resulting in death, is permissible if it is not intended and occurs as a side effect of a beneficial action.

A

Principle of double effect

31
Q

Where the physician would have no choice but to respect his decision

A

Principle of Autonomy

Moral Philosophy (1 decks)

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