BIOEPI - FINALS Flashcards
Only the patients’ records of odd months of the year 2020 were included in the study.
Systematic sampling
A higher confidence level chosen for an estimate, the wider the interval estimate would be.
True
Obj: To determine the vaccine efficacy of the different forms of vaccines (inactivated or weakened virus vaccines, protein-based vaccines, viral vector vaccines, RNA and DNA vaccines)
Vaccine response is defined as with or without antibody production, then the percentage of people vaccinated with antibody production are those who had vaccine efficacy.
The researcher believes that the vaccine efficacy differs from each other.
The statistical test to use is chi square test
True
Obj: To determine the vaccine efficacy of the different forms of vaccines (inactivated or weakened virus vaccines, protein-based vaccines, viral vector vaccines, RNA and DNA vaccines)
Vaccine response is defined as with or without antibody production, then the percentage of people vaccinated with antibody production are those who had vaccine efficacy.
The researcher believes that the vaccine efficacy differs from each other.
If the null hypothesis was indeed true, but was rejected, a beta error was committed.
False
Obj: To determine the vaccine efficacy of the different forms of vaccines (inactivated or weakened virus vaccines, protein-based vaccines, viral vector vaccines, RNA and DNA vaccines)
Vaccine response is defined as with or without antibody production, then the percentage of people vaccinated with antibody production are those who had vaccine efficacy.
The researcher believes that the vaccine efficacy differs from each other.
If the null hypothesis was rejected, then the vaccine efficacy of the different vaccines are not the same.
True
Obj: To determine the vaccine efficacy of the different forms of vaccines (inactivated or weakened virus vaccines, protein-based vaccines, viral vector vaccines, RNA and DNA vaccines)
Vaccine response is defined as with or without antibody production, then the percentage of people vaccinated with antibody production are those who had vaccine efficacy.
The researcher believes that the vaccine efficacy differs from each other.
The population groups are related.
False
Obj: To determine the vaccine efficacy of the different forms of vaccines (inactivated or weakened virus vaccines, protein-based vaccines, viral vector vaccines, RNA and DNA vaccines)
Vaccine response is defined as with or without antibody production, then the percentage of people vaccinated with antibody production are those who had vaccine efficacy.
The researcher believes that the vaccine efficacy differs from each other.
This is a comparison hypothesis testing
True
Conclusion: The weight of evidence strongly suggests that extended-duration work shifts significantly increase fatigue and impair performance and safety. The conclusion of the study:
Made generalizations about work hours and performance as well as safety
Introducing a new diagnostic tool has to be validated with the gold standard “criterion truth”
True
A directional alternative hypothesis would be expressed as:
There is a direct relationship between work hours of health care providers and patient safety.
Choose the BEST answer:
If normally distributed, will fall on the same line
Mean, Median, Mode
Best measure of central tendency for skewed data
Median
Sum of all observations divided by the number of observations
Mean
Pertains to the “peak” when presented in the frequency polygon
Mode
Sensitive to extreme values
Mean
The time-varying reproduction number (Rt) for covid indicates the possible number of people being infected by a sick person, at a specific time with control measures in place. Based on the latest data, 95% confident that Rt is 0.85 plus/minus 0.02, which means each infected individual was infecting an average of 0.85 persons around two weeks ago.
How was this data presented?
Narrative
The t score was used for the computation of the interval estimate.
Length of stay of 25 covid patients admitted at Hospital X
The following are the characteristics of covid vaccinated individuals in Barangay X Determine the type of variable:
Age - 18 - 65 years old
Quantitative continuous
Profession - Front liner / Not Front liner
Qualitative
Vaccine brand given - Astra Zeneca, Sinovac, Pfizer
Qualitative
Co-morbidities - with or without co- morbidities
Qualitative
Number of individuals vaccinated
Quantitative discrete
A two-tailed alternative hypothesis:
There is a relationship between work hours of health care providers and patient safety.
Patients were divided into several age groups. From each age group, they were further selected for the study
Stratified sampling
Determine the scale of measurement used: VARIABLE: Subjects
General Education / Professional subjects
Nominal
1st year subjects / 2nd year subjects / 3rd year subjects / 4th year subjects
Ordinal
Major / Minor
Nominal
Chemistry / Math / Physics
Nominal
Determine the type of statistics used:
The correct answer is: Top 10 students in Biostatistics in each class
Descriptive
Probability of re-infection after two (2) doses of covid-19 vaccination
Inferential
Relationship between ethnicity and resistance to covid-19
Inferential
Oxygen saturation ranges of moderate to severe covid-19 patients
Descriptive
Birth month for which most Biostatistics students belong
Descriptive
The counterpart figure of the time series table is the frequency polygon.
False
Determine the BEST data presentation tool for the following:
Distribution of vaccinees as to categories A1 (health front liners), A2 (Elderly), A3 (With comorbidities), A4 (students)
Pie chart
Daily Covid-19 cases from January 2021 up to May 27, 2021
Line graph
Total number of Covid-19 cases from March 2020 up to present
Textual
Mean age of vaccinees
Textual
The sample proportion is an unbiased estimate of the population proportion.
True
A descriptive study on the coping mechanisms of students in online learning. Determine the type of variable:
Adequate sleeping hours
Group learning
Subjects enrolled in
Advance studying
Year level of student
Adequate sleeping hours
- Independent
Group learning
- Independent
Subjects enrolled in
- Independent
Advance studying
- Independent
Year level of student
- Independent
The table title is traditionally placed below the body of the table.
False
Choose the best answer:
Snowball technique
Referral
Multi-stage sampling
Nationwide studies
Quota sampling
A specified number to meet
Systematic sampling
Unsuspected periodicity
Stratified sampling
Lottery
Choose the BEST answer:
Very sensitive to extreme values
Range
Simplest measure of variability
Range
Used when comparing two data sets with different units of measurements
Coefficient of variation
Spread in the middle 50%
Interquartile range
Square root of variance
Standard deviation
At 95% confidence, the z score is:
1.96
The higher the sensitivity, the higher the true negativity of the test.
False
These are the measurements of the incision length (in cm) made by surgeons during appendectomy:
6.2, 3.3, 4.9, 4.7, 5.8, 5.8, 5.0, 4.9, 5.5
The median position is the Fifth position.
True
The interquartile range is between the 25 to the 75 percentile.
True
The range is 5.5 – 6.2.
False
The mean is lesser than the median.
False
The coefficient of variation of the above data set has to be computed
False
Determine the type of statistics used:
Estimated date when the Philippines will attain herd immunity against covid-19
Inferential
Extracurricular factors associated with academic performance among online learners
Inferential
To show the percentage coverage of covid vaccination from March to May 2021
Descriptive
Vaccine brand and its effect on willingness to be vaccinated
Inferential
Reasons for vaccine hesitancy
Descriptive
The real meat of the report for detailed information lies in the:
Statistical table
Percent of people with the disease whose tests are truly positive:
Sensitivity
The confidence interval reflects the variability of the unknown parameter
False
The legends are small letters found below the bottom of the table.
False
March 4, 2021
Effect of Ivermectin on Time to Resolution of Symptoms Among Adults With Mild COVID-19 A Randomized Clinical Trial Eduardo López-Medina, MD, MSc Pío López, MD; Isabel C. Hurtado, MD; et al Question: What is the effect of ivermectin on duration of symptoms in adults with mild COVID19?
Findings: In this randomized clinical trial that included 476 patients, the duration of symptoms was not significantly different for patients who received a 5-day course of ivermectin compared with placebo (median time to resolution of symptoms, 10 vs 12 days; hazard ratio for resolution of symptoms, 1.07).
Meaning: The findings do not support the use of ivermectin for treatment of mild COVID-19, although larger trials may be needed to understand effects on other clinically relevant outcomes.
If the alpha was set at 0.05, the p value for this study must have been greater than 0.05
True
10 and 12 days were the point estimates of mild covid symptoms of those given ivermectin or not.
True
The result of the study was due to sampling variation.
True
The hypothesis testing is relating ivermectin to duration of symptoms.
False
Based on the study, the null hypothesis was rejected.
False
The probability of a false-negative result in an infected covid person decreases from 100% (95% CI, 100%-100%) on day 1 to
67% (95% CI, 27%-94%) on day 4. The Day
4 data of 67% is the:
Point estimate
Every 50 student coming in the Institute of Medicine Lobby was interviewed regarding student service.
Systematic sampling
This is to determine precision of a laboratory procedure:
Reliability
People who do not have the disease but are labeled with the disease.
-False positive
Random Numbers
02951 83349 72056 31491 054257 11295
I: 1. Mario 6. Carmen 11. Susan 16. Pauline
21. Erwin
II: 2. Jessica 7. Romy 12. Henry 17. Dick
22. Gilda
III: 3. Sophia 8. Babylene 13. Rene 18.
Josephine 23. Marilyn
IV: 4. Rose 9. Alice 14. Lilibeth 19.
Maribeth 24. Caroline
V: 5. Johnson 10. Emmie 15. Justine 20.
Nina 25. Peter
If a stratified sampling will be done, gender can be used as stratification variable.
True
The columns (I, II, III, IV, V) can also serve as stratification variable
True
If a cluster sampling will be used, the columns (I, II, III, IV, V) can serve as clusters.
True
The cluster sampling makes use of the table of random numbers to get samples.
False
If a simple random sampling will be done, using the table of random numbers starting from right to left, the one to be picked after Erwin will be Dick.
True
All third-year students were grouped based on section enrolled in. From the 5 sections, only three sections were selected. All members of the three sections were part of the study.
Cluster sampling
Work schedules have a profound effect on health care providers’ sleep and performance, as well as on their safety and that of their patients. (A study by Lockley et al on Effects of Health Care Provider Work Hours and Sleep Deprivation on Safety and Performance).
The above statement is the:
Alternative hypothesis
Since there are only few scholars, all of them became part of the study.
Total enumeration
Measures of location:
All percentiles are deciles
False
All deciles are percentiles
True
All quartiles are deciles
False
All deciles are quartiles
False
All quartiles are percentiles
True
