bioenergetics- topic 4 Flashcards
what’s the formula for photosynthesis
carbon dioxide + water → glucose +oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
where does photosynthesis occur in a plant cell
chloroplasts
what’s the use of chlorophyll
it captures light energy for photosynthesis
what are the five uses of glucose
- makes cellulose (makes cell walls stronger)
- makes amino acids (combines with nitrate ions to make proteins)
- makes fats (for seeds)
- stored as starch
- for respiration (releases energy)
what’s an endothermic reaction
a reaction that takes in energy from the surroundings into the reaction
what’s an exothermic reaction
a reaction that releases energy from the reaction into the surroundings
what’s a limiting factor
a factor that limits the entire reaction, found on the ‘curve’ of the graph
limiting factors of photosynthesis
- carbon dioxide concentration
- amount of chlorophyll
- light intensity
- temperature
what’s the inverse square law
light intensity = 1/distance squared
what are some uses of energy
-building larger molecules
- movement
- keeping warm
what’s the formula for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
is aerobic respiration efficient
yes, very
what’s the site of aerobic respiration in the cell
mitochondria
what’s the formula for anaerobic respiration in animals
glucose -> lactic acid
what’s the formula for anaerobic respiration in plants
glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide
also called fermentation
what’s the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration
anaerobic does not use oxygen
aerobic is efficient, anaerobic is not
lactic acid
causes muscle fatigue during exercise,
sent back to the liver to be reconverted into glucose once exercise is complete
what are the uses of fermentation in brewing and baking
ethanol-> alcohol in alcoholic drinks
carbon dioxide->fizz in fizzy drinks, causes bread to rise
what are the effects of exercise
heart rate increases
breathing rate increases
breathing depth increases
what is metabolism
the sum of all chemical reactions in the body
