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KIN 269 > Bioenergetics (CHPT 3) > Flashcards

Bioenergetics (CHPT 3) Flashcards

1
Q

How is Acetyl-CoA formed?

A
  • A two carbon molecule formed from pyruvate produced by glycolysis or from the oxidation of fatty acids or amino acids
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2
Q

Activation energy

A
  • Energy required to initiate a chemical reaction
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3
Q

What is adenosine diphosphate (ADP)?

A
  • A molecule that combines with inorganic phosphate to form ATP
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4
Q

What is Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

A
  • The high energy phosphate compound synthesized and used by cells to release energy for cellular work
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5
Q

Aerobic

A
  • in the presence of oxygen
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6
Q

Anaerobic

A
  • without oxygen
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7
Q

ATPase

A
  • enzyme capable of breaking down ATP to ADP + Pi + energy
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8
Q

ATP-PC System

A
  • term used to describe the metabolic pathway involving muscle stores of ATP and the use of phosphocreatine to re-phosphorylate ADP.
  • this path use use at the answer of exercise and during short term high intensity work
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9
Q

Beta oxidation

A
  • breakdown of three fatty acids to form acetyl-CoA
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10
Q

Bioenergetics

A
  • The chemical process involved with the production of cellular ATP
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11
Q

Cell membrane

A
  • The lipid bilayer envelope that encloses cells
  • sacrolemma in muscle cells
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12
Q

Chemiosmotic hypothesis

A
  • The mechanism to explain the aerobic formation of ATP and mitochondria
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13
Q

Citric acid cycle/Krebs cycle

A
  • A key metabolic pathway located in the mitochondria
  • A series of chemical reactions used to harness useable energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA Derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
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14
Q

Coupled reactions

A
  • The linking of energy liberating chemical reactions to drive energy requiring reactions
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15
Q

Cytoplasm

A
  • The contents of the cell surrounding the nucleus
  • sacroplasm in muscle cells
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16
Q

Electron transport chain

A
  • A series of cytochromes in the mitochondria that are responsible for oxidative phosphorylation
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17
Q

Endergonic reactions

A
  • Energy requiring reactions
18
Q

Enzymes

A
  • proteins that lower the energy of activation and, therefore, catalyze chemical reactions
  • Regulate the rate of most metabolic pathways
19
Q

Exergonic reactions

A
  • Chemical reactions that release energy
20
Q

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)

A
  • serves as an electron carrier in bioenergetics
21
Q

Glucose

A
  • A simple sugar that is transported via the blood and metabolized by tissues
22
Q

Glycogen

A
  • A glucose polymer synthesized in cells as a means of storing carbohydrate
23
Q

Glycogenolysis

A
  • The breakdown of glycogen into glucose
24
Q

Glycolysis

A
  • A metabolic pathway in the cytoplasm of the cell that results in the degradation of glucose into pyruvate or lactate
25
Q

Inorganic

A
  • substances that do not contain carbon
26
Q

Inorganic phosphate (Pi)

A
  • A stimulator of cellular metabolism
  •  use with ADP to form ATP in the electron transport chain
27
Q

Isocitrate degydrogenase

A
  • rate limiting enzyme in the Krebs cycle that is inhibited by ATP and stimulated by ADP and Pi
28
Q

Lactate

A
  • A three carbon molecule that is a potential and product of glucose metabolism
29
Q

Metabolism

A
  • The total of all cellular reactions that occur in cells and includes chemical pathways that results in synthesis of molecules as well as breakdown of molecules
30
Q

Mitochondrion

A
  • The subcellular organelle responsible for the production of ATP with oxygen
  • Contains enzymes for the Krebs cycle electron transport chain and the fatty acid cycle
31
Q

Molecular biology

A
  • branch of biochemistry Involved with the study of gene structure and function
32
Q

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)

A
  • Coenzyme that transfers hydrogen and the energy associated with those hydrogens
  • in krebs: NAD transfers energy from substrates to the electron transport chain
    
33
Q

Nucleus

A
  • membrane-bound organelle containing most of the cells DNA
34
Q

Organic

A
  • describe substances that contain carbon
35
Q

Oxidation

A
  • removal of electrons from an element of molecule
36
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A
  • mitochondrial process in which energetic phosphate is couple to EDP as energy as transferred along the electron transport chain in which oxygen is a final electronic acceptor
37
Q

Phosphocreatine (PC)

A
  • Compounds found in skeletal muscle and use to resynthesize ATP from ADP
38
Q

Phosphofructokonase (PFK)

A
  • rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis that is responsive to ADP, Pi, And ATP levels in the cytoplasm of the cell
39
Q

Reduction

A
  • gain of electrons
40
Q

The oxidation of acetyl-CoA results in what?

A
  • The production of carbon dioxide and ATP

KIN 269 (4 decks)

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