Bioenergetics B3

Question 1

what is photosynthesis?

Answer 1

the reaction by which plants make glucose

Question 2

what is the word equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 2

water + carbon dioxide > glucose + oxygen

Question 3

where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 3

chloroplasts

Question 4

what is chlorophyll?

Answer 4

the green pigment that absorbs the light energy

Question 5

what is a limiting factor?

Answer 5

any factor that slows down the rate of photosynthesis if there is not enough of it

Question 6

what are the examples of limiting factors

Answer 6

• temperature
• amount of carbon dioxide
• light
• amount of chlorophyll

Question 7

why does the rate of reaction begin to level off? (on a grid when measuring from one factor)

Answer 7

another factor is limiting it

Question 8

what time of day is photosynthesis active?

Answer 8

day

Question 9

what time of day is respiration active?

Answer 9

day and night

Question 10

what is the independent variable for the rp?

Answer 10

distance of light to pondweed

Question 11

control variable for rp?

Answer 11

pondweed, light source

Question 12

dependent variable for rp?

Answer 12

volume/ amount of gas

Question 13

what are the uses for glucose?

Answer 13

• respiration
• making seeds
• making fruit
• making proteins
• storage
• making cell walls

Question 14

what the equation for (aerobic) respiration?

Answer 14

glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 15

where does respiration occur?

Answer 15

mitochondria

Question 16

what is glucose converted into for storage?

Answer 16

insoluble starch

Question 17

where is glucose stored as starch?

Answer 17

roots, leaves and stems

Question 18

advantage of storage of glucose as starch?

Answer 18

potato and carrot plants store a lot of starch over the winter so a new plant can grow from it the following spring

Question 19

what is glucose stored as in seeds?

Answer 19

lipids

Question 20

how is glucose stored in fruit?

Answer 20

glucose along with another sugar called fructose is turned into sucrose for storing in seeds

Question 21

how is glucose used to make cell walls?

Answer 21

it is converted into cellulose

Question 22

how does glucose help with protein synthesis?

Answer 22

combined with nitrates to make amino acids which are then made into proteins

Question 23

how is the mitochondria adapted for respiration?

Answer 23

• double membrane with folds for larger surface area
• matrix acts as cytoplasms and contains the enzymes for the reaction
• ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 24

what is the energy released by respiration?

Answer 24

ATP

Question 25

what is aerobic respiration?

Answer 25

respiration that requires oxygen

Question 26

what is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 26

respiration that's doesn't require oxygen

Question 27

when is aerobic respiration used?

Answer 27

when muscles don't have enough oxygen during exercise

Question 28

what is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 28

glucose> lactic acid (+ little energy)

Question 29

how much energy does anaerobic respiration release compared to aerobic?

Answer 29

anaerobic respiration releases 5% of the energy that aerobic does

Question 30

what is the waste product of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 30

lactic acid

Question 31

why does heart rate increase during exercise?

Answer 31

your tissues are respiring more, so they need more oxygen which is in the blood, so your heart needs to pump more blood

Question 32

why does breathing rate increase during exercise?

Answer 32

- get more oxygen in (oxygen debt) | - helps get rid of waste products in body

Question 33

why does your skin go red during exercise?

Answer 33

blood flows to skin to keep you cool

Question 34

why do you sweat during exercise?

Answer 34

to regulate body temp

Question 35

why do you need protein in diet?

Answer 35

to build and repair muscles

Question 36

why do you need carbohydrates in your diet?

Answer 36

energy

Question 37

why do you need fat in your diet?

Answer 37

energy and insulation

Question 38

what is the enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates called?

Answer 38

carbohydrase

Question 39

what is the enzyme that breaks down proteins called?

Answer 39

protease

Question 40

what is the enzyme that breaks down lipids (fats) called?

Answer 40

lipase

Question 41

what do carbohydrates break down into?

Answer 41

glucose

Question 42

what do proteins break down into?

Answer 42

amino acids

Question 43

what do lipids (fats) break down into?

Answer 43

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 44

what is metabolism?

Answer 44

the rate that reactions occur in a cell or body

Question 45

what factors effect metabolism?

Answer 45

- gender (men have faster metabolism) - proportion of muscle to fat in body - amount of exercise - genes - age