Bioenergetics B3 Flashcards
what is photosynthesis?
the reaction by which plants make glucose
what is the word equation for photosynthesis?
water + carbon dioxide > glucose + oxygen
where does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplasts
what is chlorophyll?
the green pigment that absorbs the light energy
what is a limiting factor?
any factor that slows down the rate of photosynthesis if there is not enough of it
what are the examples of limiting factors
- temperature
- amount of carbon dioxide
- light
- amount of chlorophyll
why does the rate of reaction begin to level off? (on a grid when measuring from one factor)
another factor is limiting it
what time of day is photosynthesis active?
day
what time of day is respiration active?
day and night
what is the independent variable for the rp?
distance of light to pondweed
control variable for rp?
pondweed, light source
dependent variable for rp?
volume/ amount of gas
what are the uses for glucose?
- respiration
- making seeds
- making fruit
- making proteins
- storage
- making cell walls
what the equation for (aerobic) respiration?
glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy
where does respiration occur?
mitochondria
what is glucose converted into for storage?
insoluble starch
where is glucose stored as starch?
roots, leaves and stems
advantage of storage of glucose as starch?
potato and carrot plants store a lot of starch over the winter so a new plant can grow from it the following spring
what is glucose stored as in seeds?
lipids
how is glucose stored in fruit?
glucose along with another sugar called fructose is turned into sucrose for storing in seeds
how is glucose used to make cell walls?
it is converted into cellulose
how does glucose help with protein synthesis?
combined with nitrates to make amino acids which are then made into proteins
how is the mitochondria adapted for respiration?
- double membrane with folds for larger surface area
- matrix acts as cytoplasms and contains the enzymes for the reaction
- ribosomes for protein synthesis
what is the energy released by respiration?
ATP
what is aerobic respiration?
respiration that requires oxygen
what is anaerobic respiration?
respiration that’s doesn’t require oxygen
when is aerobic respiration used?
when muscles don’t have enough oxygen during exercise
what is the equation for anaerobic respiration?
glucose> lactic acid (+ little energy)
how much energy does anaerobic respiration release compared to aerobic?
anaerobic respiration releases 5% of the energy that aerobic does
what is the waste product of anaerobic respiration?
lactic acid
why does heart rate increase during exercise?
your tissues are respiring more, so they need more oxygen which is in the blood, so your heart needs to pump more blood
why does breathing rate increase during exercise?
- get more oxygen in (oxygen debt)
- helps get rid of waste products in body
why does your skin go red during exercise?
blood flows to skin to keep you cool
why do you sweat during exercise?
to regulate body temp
why do you need protein in diet?
to build and repair muscles
why do you need carbohydrates in your diet?
energy
why do you need fat in your diet?
energy and insulation
what is the enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates called?
carbohydrase
what is the enzyme that breaks down proteins called?
protease
what is the enzyme that breaks down lipids (fats) called?
lipase
what do carbohydrates break down into?
glucose
what do proteins break down into?
amino acids
what do lipids (fats) break down into?
glycerol and 3 fatty acids
what is metabolism?
the rate that reactions occur in a cell or body
what factors effect metabolism?
- gender (men have faster metabolism)
- proportion of muscle to fat in body
- amount of exercise
- genes
- age
