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GCSE biology foundation paper AQA > Bioenergetics B3 > Flashcards

Bioenergetics B3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is photosynthesis?

A

the reaction by which plants make glucose

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2
Q

what is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

water + carbon dioxide > glucose + oxygen

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3
Q

where does photosynthesis occur?

A

chloroplasts

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4
Q

what is chlorophyll?

A

the green pigment that absorbs the light energy

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5
Q

what is a limiting factor?

A

any factor that slows down the rate of photosynthesis if there is not enough of it

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6
Q

what are the examples of limiting factors

A
  • temperature
  • amount of carbon dioxide
  • light
  • amount of chlorophyll
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7
Q

why does the rate of reaction begin to level off? (on a grid when measuring from one factor)

A

another factor is limiting it

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8
Q

what time of day is photosynthesis active?

A

day

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9
Q

what time of day is respiration active?

A

day and night

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10
Q

what is the independent variable for the rp?

A

distance of light to pondweed

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11
Q

control variable for rp?

A

pondweed, light source

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12
Q

dependent variable for rp?

A

volume/ amount of gas

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13
Q

what are the uses for glucose?

A
  • respiration
  • making seeds
  • making fruit
  • making proteins
  • storage
  • making cell walls
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14
Q

what the equation for (aerobic) respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy

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15
Q

where does respiration occur?

A

mitochondria

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16
Q

what is glucose converted into for storage?

A

insoluble starch

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17
Q

where is glucose stored as starch?

A

roots, leaves and stems

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18
Q

advantage of storage of glucose as starch?

A

potato and carrot plants store a lot of starch over the winter so a new plant can grow from it the following spring

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19
Q

what is glucose stored as in seeds?

A

lipids

20
Q

how is glucose stored in fruit?

A

glucose along with another sugar called fructose is turned into sucrose for storing in seeds

21
Q

how is glucose used to make cell walls?

A

it is converted into cellulose

22
Q

how does glucose help with protein synthesis?

A

combined with nitrates to make amino acids which are then made into proteins

23
Q

how is the mitochondria adapted for respiration?

A
  • double membrane with folds for larger surface area
  • matrix acts as cytoplasms and contains the enzymes for the reaction
  • ribosomes for protein synthesis
24
Q

what is the energy released by respiration?

A

ATP

25
Q

what is aerobic respiration?

A

respiration that requires oxygen

26
Q

what is anaerobic respiration?

A

respiration that’s doesn’t require oxygen

27
Q

when is aerobic respiration used?

A

when muscles don’t have enough oxygen during exercise

28
Q

what is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose> lactic acid (+ little energy)

29
Q

how much energy does anaerobic respiration release compared to aerobic?

A

anaerobic respiration releases 5% of the energy that aerobic does

30
Q

what is the waste product of anaerobic respiration?

A

lactic acid

31
Q

why does heart rate increase during exercise?

A

your tissues are respiring more, so they need more oxygen which is in the blood, so your heart needs to pump more blood

32
Q

why does breathing rate increase during exercise?

A
  • get more oxygen in (oxygen debt)

- helps get rid of waste products in body

33
Q

why does your skin go red during exercise?

A

blood flows to skin to keep you cool

34
Q

why do you sweat during exercise?

A

to regulate body temp

35
Q

why do you need protein in diet?

A

to build and repair muscles

36
Q

why do you need carbohydrates in your diet?

A

energy

37
Q

why do you need fat in your diet?

A

energy and insulation

38
Q

what is the enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates called?

A

carbohydrase

39
Q

what is the enzyme that breaks down proteins called?

A

protease

40
Q

what is the enzyme that breaks down lipids (fats) called?

A

lipase

41
Q

what do carbohydrates break down into?

A

glucose

42
Q

what do proteins break down into?

A

amino acids

43
Q

what do lipids (fats) break down into?

A

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

44
Q

what is metabolism?

A

the rate that reactions occur in a cell or body

45
Q

what factors effect metabolism?

A
  • gender (men have faster metabolism)
  • proportion of muscle to fat in body
  • amount of exercise
  • genes
  • age

GCSE biology foundation paper AQA (2 decks)

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