Bioenergetics Flashcards
What is bioenergetics?
The study of energy flow and energy transformations in biological systems.
What is the primary source of energy for living organisms?
The sun.
True or False: Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria of plant cells.
False.
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2.
Fill in the blank: Glucose is produced during __________.
photosynthesis.
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
Light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle.
Where does cellular respiration take place in eukaryotic cells?
In the mitochondria.
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To convert glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
True or False: Anaerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen.
False.
What is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
What is the formula for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP.
What type of energy is stored in glucose?
Chemical energy.
What is ATP?
Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis? A) Oxygen B) Carbon Dioxide C) Glucose D) Both A and C
D) Both A and C.
What role do chlorophyll pigments play in photosynthesis?
They absorb light energy.
Fill in the blank: The Calvin cycle takes place in the __________ of chloroplasts.
stroma.
What is the significance of the light-dependent reactions?
They convert solar energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).
True or False: Cellular respiration can occur without glucose.
False, it primarily relies on glucose.
What is the byproduct of aerobic respiration that is essential for life?
Oxygen.
What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.
What is fermentation?
A metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen.
What is the primary function of the electron transport chain?
To produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes generates the most ATP? A) Glycolysis B) Krebs Cycle C) Electron Transport Chain D) Fermentation
C) Electron Transport Chain.
What is the role of NADH in cellular respiration?
It carries electrons to the electron transport chain.
True or False: The Krebs cycle occurs in the cytoplasm.
False.
Fill in the blank: The end products of glycolysis are __________.
pyruvate, ATP, and NADH.
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
To act as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is the significance of energy transfer in ecosystems?
It supports life processes and maintains ecological balance.
What are autotrophs?
Organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration? A) Glycolysis B) Krebs Cycle C) Calvin Cycle D) Electron Transport Chain
C) Calvin Cycle.
What is the primary energy currency used by cells?
ATP.
True or False: Plants perform photosynthesis and respiration.
True.
What is the overall efficiency of converting sunlight to chemical energy in photosynthesis?
Approximately 1-2%.
