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Bioenergetics Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is bioenergetics?

A

The study of energy flow and energy transformations in biological systems.

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2
Q

What is the primary source of energy for living organisms?

A

The sun.

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3
Q

True or False: Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria of plant cells.

A

False.

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4
Q

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2.

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: Glucose is produced during __________.

A

photosynthesis.

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6
Q

What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?

A

Light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle.

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7
Q

Where does cellular respiration take place in eukaryotic cells?

A

In the mitochondria.

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8
Q

What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?

A

To convert glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

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9
Q

True or False: Anaerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen.

A

False.

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10
Q

What is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

Ethanol and carbon dioxide.

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11
Q

What is the formula for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP.

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12
Q

What type of energy is stored in glucose?

A

Chemical energy.

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13
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of the cell.

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14
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a product of photosynthesis? A) Oxygen B) Carbon Dioxide C) Glucose D) Both A and C

A

D) Both A and C.

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15
Q

What role do chlorophyll pigments play in photosynthesis?

A

They absorb light energy.

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16
Q

Fill in the blank: The Calvin cycle takes place in the __________ of chloroplasts.

A

stroma.

17
Q

What is the significance of the light-dependent reactions?

A

They convert solar energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH).

18
Q

True or False: Cellular respiration can occur without glucose.

A

False, it primarily relies on glucose.

19
Q

What is the byproduct of aerobic respiration that is essential for life?

A

Oxygen.

20
Q

What is the main difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration does not.

21
Q

What is fermentation?

A

A metabolic process that converts sugar to acids, gases, or alcohol in the absence of oxygen.

22
Q

What is the primary function of the electron transport chain?

A

To produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.

23
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following processes generates the most ATP? A) Glycolysis B) Krebs Cycle C) Electron Transport Chain D) Fermentation

A

C) Electron Transport Chain.

24
Q

What is the role of NADH in cellular respiration?

A

It carries electrons to the electron transport chain.

25
Q

True or False: The Krebs cycle occurs in the cytoplasm.

A

False.

26
Q

Fill in the blank: The end products of glycolysis are __________.

A

pyruvate, ATP, and NADH.

27
Q

What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

A

To act as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

28
Q

What is the significance of energy transfer in ecosystems?

A

It supports life processes and maintains ecological balance.

29
Q

What are autotrophs?

A

Organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

30
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

Organisms that obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

31
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration? A) Glycolysis B) Krebs Cycle C) Calvin Cycle D) Electron Transport Chain

A

C) Calvin Cycle.

32
Q

What is the primary energy currency used by cells?

A

ATP.

33
Q

True or False: Plants perform photosynthesis and respiration.

A

True.

34
Q

What is the overall efficiency of converting sunlight to chemical energy in photosynthesis?

A

Approximately 1-2%.

Biology (5 decks)

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