Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Bioenergetics > Flashcards

Bioenergetics Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The process by which plants synthesise glucose using light energy from the Sun
light energy is converted into chemical energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

within chloroplasts in leaf palisade cells, they contain chlorophyll (a pigment which absorbs light energy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

State the word equation for photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

State the symbol equation for photosynthesis

A

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 +6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is photosynthesis an endothermic or exothermic reaction, and why?

A

endothermic - energy is transferred from the environment to chloroplasts by light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can you show that a plant gives off oxygen during photosynthesis?

A

Using a water plant (like Elodea), collect gas bubbles that are produced during photosynthesis. The gas will relight a glowing splint because it contains oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give 6 examples of leaf adaptations which maximise the rate of photosynthesis

A
  1. broad leaves - maximise surface area
  2. thin leaves - short diffusion distance
  3. chlorophyll preset - trap light energy
  4. veins - transport water to leaves via xylem, remove photosynthesis products via phloem
  5. air spaces - allow CO2 to enter and O2 to leave
  6. guard cells - control opening of stomata for gaseous exchange and prevent water loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 4 main factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A
  1. temperature
  2. light intensity
  3. carbon dioxide concentration
  4. amount of chlorophyll
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A
  • increasing the temp increases the rate of photosynthesis as the kinetic energy of particles is increases
  • the rate decreases past a certain temp as enzymes become denatured
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does light intensity affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

increasing light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis until another factor becomes limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does carbon dioxide concentration affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

increasing CO2 concentration increases the rate of photosynthesis (until another factor becomes limiting) because CO2 is required to make glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does the amount of chlorophyll affect the rate of photosynthesis?

A

Decreasing amount of chlorophyll (e.g: due to a lack of magnesium) decreases the rate of photosynthesis as chlorophyll is required to absorb light energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a limiting factor?

A

an environmental factor which can restrict the rate of photosynthesis (e.g: light intensity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain how you can calculate the rate of photosynthesis by measuring oxygen production

A
  • set up bubble potometer apparatus (pondweed in a sealed tube of water, attached to a capillary tube and a gas syringe)
  • oxygen gas produced causes the bubble in the capillary tube to move, the distance moved by the bubble is used to calculate the volume of oxygen produced
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can farmers use their knowledge of limiting factors to increase their profits?

A

control temp, light intensity & CO2 concentration to achieve the fastest possible rate of photosynthesis, leading to a greater yield

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

State the law which describes the relationship between the distance of a light source from a plant and light intensity

A

inverse square law - light intensity = 1/distance^2

17
Q

State 5 uses of glucose produced during photosynthesis

A
  1. respiration
  2. starch for storage
  3. cellulose for strength
  4. amino acid and protein synthesis (combined with nitrates)
  5. lipids for energy storage in seeds
18
Q

What is aerobic respiration?

A

exothermic reaction in which glucose reacts with oxygen to release energy that can be used by cells

19
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen –> carbon dioxide + water

20
Q

What is the symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + H2O

21
Q

Where does aerobic respiration take place?

A

mitochondria

22
Q

Why do organisms require the energy released by respiration?

A
  • synthesis of large molecules
  • muscle contraction
  • maintenance of body temperature
  • active transport
23
Q

What is anaerobic respiration?

A

exothermic reaction where glucose is broken down to release energy in the absence of oxygen

24
Q

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose –> lactic acid

25
Q

Why is anaerobic respiration less efficient than aerobic respiration?

A

glucose is not completely broken down, so less energy is transferred

26
Q

Why can anaerobic respiration lead to muscle fatigue?

A

lactic acid builds up in muscles, preventing efficient contraction

27
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

the amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic acid back into glucose after anaerobic respiration

28
Q

What is fermentation?

A

a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast cells

29
Q

What is the word equation for fermentation?

A

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide

30
Q

Why is the fermentation reaction important?

A

used to produce bread and alcoholic drinks

31
Q

What are 3 differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A
  • aerobic req. oxygen, anarobic doesn’t
  • aerobic produces CO2 & water anaerobic produces lactic acid or ethanol & CO2
  • aerobic transfers a greater amount of energy
32
Q

How do muscles store glucose?

A

as glycogen

33
Q

What 3 changes take place when muscular activity increases in the body?

A
  • heart rate increases and arteries dilate - increases flow of oxygenated blood to muscles
  • breathing rate increases and breathing is deeper - increases the rate of gaseous exchange
  • stored glycogen is converted back into glucose
34
Q

How is lactic acid transported away from the muscles?

A

blood flow through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver, where it’s oxidised back to glucose

35
Q

What is metabolism?

A

sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or an organism

36
Q

How do cells use the energy transferred by respiration?

A

to continuously carry out enzyme-controlled processes which lead to the synthesis of new molecules

37
Q

Give 6 examples of metabolic reactions

A
  • glucose into starch/glycogen/cellulose
  • glycerol and fatty acids into lipids
  • glucose and nitrate ions into amino acids
  • photosynthesis
  • respiration
  • breakdown of excess proteins into urea

Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions