Bioenergetics 1 Flashcards
starting fuels are also known as
substrates (fats, proteins, carbs)
internal (biological) work includes
things that take energy
- ion trafficking across membrane
- regulating calcium levels
- actin-myosin levels
- protein synthesis
what are metabolic pathways for?
creating a link from food energy to ATP production
energy yielding
exergonic - catabolic
energy requiring
endergonic - anabolic
oxidation
lose an electron
reduction
gain an electron
oxidation and reduction rxn are ______
coupled - one cannot occur without the other
H+ is the ______ agent
reducing
NAD and FAD are in ______ state
oxidized state (no H+)
redox reactions are catalyzed by ______
enzymes (i.e., dehydrogenase)
allosteric
the ability to regulate enzyme activity
enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the ____________
activation energy
enzymes can speed up reactions by
1000x
the first or second enzyme in the pathway is typically the _____ ______ enzyme
rate determining/limiting (allosteric)
end product inhibition
one way of controlling the pathway - having the product “talk to” the rate determining enzyme
enzyme substrate
makes a temporary change to the enzyme shape so the activation site can be used
which reaction is faster? catalyzed or non catalyzed
catalyzed
enzymes work to _____ catalytic rate by _____ the activation energy
increase, decrease
do enzymes change the amount of energy released by the reaction?
no, they just speed up the rate it occurs. Enzymes are not consumed in the rxn
active site
binding site, to then be converted into something else
increase in temperature ______ enzyme activity
increase
change in pH can ______ enzyme activity
increase or decrease
when you break this bond energy is released
third phosphate in ATP chain
