Bioelectricity 21 - 24

Question 1

list the main types of neurotransmitter and name some examples

Answer 1

EPSP: acetylcholine and glutamate
IPSP: gaba
---
norepinephrine/noradrenalin
dopamine
seratonin

Question 2

explain the different types of synaptic integration

Answer 2

x

Question 3

know the two types of synaptic network and explain their different advantages

Answer 3

x

Question 4

understand the basic organization of the nervous system

Answer 4

x

Question 5

name the five glial cells and their functions and contrast these with neuronal structure and function

Answer 5

astrocytes - provide the brain cells with glucose, ependymal cells - some make the csf fluid, is likened to the epithelial cell, microglia - immune system type of neuron cells, oligodendrocytes - neuron myelinates neuron in the cns, schwann cell - myelinates the neuron in the pns

Question 6

describe the structure of a neuron and understand how it is specialized for conduction of nerve impulses

Answer 6

x

Question 7

describe how the electrical nerve impulse changes to a chemical signal at the synapse

Answer 7

x

Question 8

understand the directions of information flow in the nervous system

Answer 8

x

Question 9

understand the types of information transmitted in the nervous sytem and how the nervous system is divided based on these

Answer 9

x

Question 10

understand the anatomical organization of the somatic efferent division of the nervous system

Answer 10

x

Question 11

understand how neurons communicate with effector cels in the somatic efferent division of the nervous system

Answer 11

x

Question 12

understand the anatomical organization of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 12

x

Question 13

udnerstand how autonomic neurons communicate with effector cells

Answer 13

x

Question 14

understand the anatomical and functional differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 14

x

Question 15

the extenal anatomy of the spinal cord and its associated structures

Answer 15

x

Question 16

the internal anatomy of the spinal cord

Answer 16

x

Question 17

how neural information is organized within the spinal cord and the direction of information flow

Answer 17

x

Question 18

how neural information enters and exits the spinal cord

Answer 18

x

Question 19

the spinal nerves and how neural information travels in them out into the body

Answer 19

x

Question 20

structure of a peripheral nerve

Answer 20

x

Question 21

the bones of the cranium and facial skeleton and how they are joined

Answer 21

x

Question 22

the meninges and their structural and functional properties in both the brain and spinal cord

Answer 22

x

Question 23

the ventricular system and flow of cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 23

x

Question 24

the layout of the external features of the cerebrum and the basic functions of each

Answer 24

x

Question 25

what parts of the brain make up the brainstem

Answer 25

x

Question 26

the 3 main types of white matter in the cerebral cortex

Answer 26

x

Question 27

the functional organization of the primary motor cortex and the basic anatomical layout of the corticospinal tract

Answer 27

x

Question 28

the functionla organization of the somatosensory cortex and the basic anatomy of how sensory information gets to the somatosensory cortex

Answer 28

x

Question 29

basic role of the cerebellum and basal ganglia in control of movement

Answer 29

x

Question 30

know the two main cations that contribute to the electrical properties of a neuron

Answer 30

x

Question 31

list the different ways these cation ions can move across the semipermeable membrane of the neuron

Answer 31

x

Question 32

list the different types of polarization of nerve cell membrane

Answer 32

x

Question 33

explain what is meant by the resting membrane potential

Answer 33

x

Question 34

explain what is meant by a local potential

Answer 34

x

Question 35

list the events that occur during the action potential

Answer 35

x

Question 36

know the two types of refractory period of the axon

Answer 36

x

Question 37

explain how the speed of conduction of the action potential can be enhanced

Answer 37

x

Question 38

know the two types of synapse and how they differ

Answer 38

x

Question 39

list the structures that make up a chemical synapse

Answer 39

x

Question 40

explain the steps that must occur for chemical synaptic transmission to occur

Answer 40

x

Question 41

list the mechanisms that terminate the chemical signal

Answer 41

x

Question 42

define somatic snesation and special senses

Answer 42

x

Question 43

state four types of information that describe a sensory stimulus and use examples to explain how these are encoded by sensory systems

Answer 43

x

Question 44

briefly describe the specific structures that enable sensations of touch, changes in muscle length and pain

Answer 44

x

Question 45

describe the two major somatosensory pathways

Answer 45

x

Question 46

describe the primary somatosensory cortex

Answer 46

x

Question 47

define reflex and voluntary movements

Answer 47

x

Question 48

draw a functional diagram of the stretch reflex

Answer 48

x

Question 49

describe the primary motor cortes and premotoro cortex

Answer 49

x

Question 50

list the major steps leading to voluntary movement of skeletal muscle

Answer 50

x

Question 51

briefly describe the roles of the basal nuclei and cerebellum in voluntary movement

Answer 51

x

Question 52

compare and contrast the ways autonomic and somatic nervous systems innervate target tissue

Answer 52

x

Question 53

compare and contrast the ways sympathetic and parasympathetic innervate target tissues

Answer 53

x

Question 54

25, 26,27 and endocrine

Answer 54

need to do