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Biodiversity & Conservation > Biodiversity & threats > Flashcards

Biodiversity & threats Flashcards

1
Q

What is a definition of biodiversity?

A

The VARIABILITY among living ORGANISMS from all sources, including TERRESTRIAL, MARINE & other AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS and the ECOLOGICAL COMPLEXES of which they are a part; this includes DIVERSITY within a SPECIES, BETWEEN SPECIES & of ECOSYSTEMS (CBD, 1992)

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2
Q

What are the 5 direct drivers of biodiversity loss?

A 
Habitat Change
Climate Change
Resource consumption
Pollution
Introduction / removal of species
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3
Q

What are the 5 indirect drivers that underpin the direct drivers of biodiversity loss?

A 
Demographic
Economic
Socio-political
Science and technology
Cultural and religious
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4
Q

What is the definition of sustainability?

A

DEVELOPMENT that meets the NEEDS of the PRESENT without COMPROMISING the ability of FUTURE generations to meet their own NEEDS
(WCED, 1987 - Bruntland Report)

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5
Q

What are the 3 spheres of sustainability?

A

Environment
Social
Economic

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6
Q

What are Ecosystem Services?

A

Services provided by the environment which human life is dependent upon e.g. Provisioning, Regulating, Cultural and Supporting.

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7
Q

What is the overall threat of biodiversity

A

HUMANS

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8
Q

What is the human population predicted to be in 2050?

A

9.3 billion (United Nations, 2011)

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9
Q

What is DETERMINISTIC habitat destruction?

A

Total destruction which is predictable e.g. planned industrial action.

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10
Q

What is STOCHASTIC habitat destruction?

A

Partial destruction which is dependent on chance & probability e.g. weather & population fluctuations.

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11
Q

What is habitat FRAGMENTATION?

A

The TRANSFORMATION of a CONTINUOUS habitat into habitat PATCHES that VARY in SIZE and CONFIGURATION (Fahrig, 2003)

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12
Q

What are the EFFECTS from fragmentation?

A

Movement
Migration
Foraging
Mate-finding

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13
Q

What are the impacts from EDGE EFFECTS?

A

Altered climate
Increased predators & competitors
Increased environmental catstrophes
Passive emmigration

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14
Q

What does POLLUTION cause?

A

Disturbance or degradation (altering dynamics)

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15
Q

Examples of pollution?

A

Water pollution e.g. Sewage and fertilizer
Air pollution e.g. acid rain
Climate change e.g. carbon dioxide and methane

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16
Q

What are ADDITIVE pollution impacts?

A

1 + 1 = 2

17
Q

What are ANTAGONISTIC pollution impacts?

A

1 + 1 = 0

18
Q

What are SYNERGISTIC pollution impacts?

A

1 + 1 = 3

19
Q

What are POTENTIATING pollution impacts?

A

0 + 1 = 3

20
Q

What is EUTROPHICATION?

A

A process where WATER BODIES receive excessive NUTRIENTS that stimulate excessive plant growth e.g. Algal blooms.

Biodiversity & Conservation (5 decks)

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