Biodiversity terms

Question 1

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 1

-Everything in a Genus had shared physical characteristics. Carl Linnaeus grouped species according to their physical similarities and developed a way to group them, this taxonomic classification is called binomial nomenclature.
-Binomial nomenclature is the formal system of naming species where each species is assigned a genus. A genus is a taxonomic level consisting of a group of similar species.
-In binomial nomenclature, the genus name is followed by a specific name. The genus and specific name form the name of the species. This naming system is now the formal system of naming species since it provides each species with a unique name.
-In summary, the binomial nomenclature system is based on the principles of universality, uniqueness, and stability. These principles ensure that each species has a unique, universally recognized name that remains stable over time, facilitating clear and consistent communication in the scientific community

Question 2

biodiversity

Answer 2

Life on earth is extremely diverse with many different life forms and organisms. The variety and number of species and ecosystems is called Biodiversity (also called biological diversity). New species and organisms are found daily in a variety of different ecosystems.

Question 3

unicellular:

Answer 3

Organisms that are made up of only ONE CELL. All functions are carried out in this one cell instead of having an individual cell for each function for the organism.

Question 4

multicellular

Answer 4

Organisms that are made up of multiple cells. Each cell has their own functions and carries out different processes for one organism.

Question 5

dichotomous key

Answer 5

a dichotomous key is a series of branching, two-part statements used to identify organisms (or objects). Biologists use dichotomous keys in order to identify organisms and is a simple way to identify species in a genus. Dichotomous keys normally branch into two and only have positive traits (what they have instead of don’t), and structure with larger items and then get more specific. The key ends with a detailed description of the species.

Question 6

Carl Linnaeus

Answer 6

Carl Linneaeus, a Swedish naturalist, is considered the father of modern taxonomy. He introduced the method of Binomial Nomenclature to classify species and living organisms. He came up with the great chain of being, which is the classification system where each organism holds a fixed position on the scale of lowest to highest (with the philosophy that these levels are stable and will not change). He considered species to be distinct living species with different physiological, structural, and behavioral differences, which can be grouped into categories of Genera. He also developed taxonomic levels, or taxa.

Question 7

Taxonomic Levels

Answer 7

Linnaeus grouped species based on shared characteristics into taxonomic ranks, or taxa. Each level is called a taxon (pl. taxa). similar species are grouped into genera, similar genera into families, similar families into orders… (extra: King Philip came over for green spaghetti - Kingdom, phyla, class, order, family, genera, species)

Question 8

Vascular tissue

Answer 8

The vascular tissue’s main role in the plant is to transport water and nutrients, as well as supporting the plant. The tissue has two types: xylem and phloem. Some plants have vascular tissue, some do not, and many plants are classified based on this factor.

Question 9

Dermal tissue

Answer 9

Dermal tissue is important for the plant since it protects the plant against injury, herbivores, disease, and water loss. It has two tissue types; epidermal and periderm. They are the OUTERMOST CELL LAYERS, and often have thicker cell walls and are covered in a waxy cuticle.

Question 10

Epidermal Tissue

Answer 10

clear and very thin cells which form a protective outer covering. Epidermal tissue also allows for gas exchange and the movement of materials in and out of the cell. This is because guard cells form a pore called the stomata, which allows the exchange of carbon dioxide, water, and carbon dioxide.

Question 11

Ground tissue

Answer 11

The main function of ground tissue is to store materials, such as carbohydrate and especially starch. The ground tissue supports the plant and its growth, including performing cellular processes to support the development of the plant.

Question 12

Meristematic tissue

Answer 12

Meristematic cells are cells that are not specialized and undifferentiated when they are formed. This is similar to stem cells in animals. Meristematic tissue is tissue where these cells are found. These tissues are normally found in areas where growth occurs, such as the roots and leaves, and a special layer of their stem called the cambium.

Question 13

Cotyledon

Answer 13

a structure in flowering plants which store nutrients. an embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, one or more of which are the first leaves to appear from a germinating seed.

Question 14

Monocot

Answer 14

In monocot stems, the vascular bundles are arranged and found throughout the ground cell tissue.

Question 15

Dicot

Answer 15

The vascular bundles are gathered near the perimeter of the stem, forming a ring. The ground tissue is located on the inside.

Question 16

Vascular bundles

Answer 16

vascular bundles are the arrangement of vascular tissue that consists of xylem and phloem. This bundle is a long, continuous strand of vascular tissue (consisting of xylem and phloem). Extra: In each vascular bundle, the xylem is always closer to the center if the stem and phloem is closer to the outside of the stem. Vascular bundles are often arranged in monocot or dicot stems.

Question 17

organism

Answer 17

any living biological entity. It can be single-celled, multicellular, or under any domain of life.

Question 18

taxonomy

Answer 18

The science of classifying all organisms; taxonomists classify both living and fossil species. It can be demonstrated in methods such as naming (binomial nomenclature), sorting species (great chain of being and taxonomic levels), and using graphs to identify species such as dichotomous keys.

Question 19

phylogeny

Answer 19

the study of evolutionary relationships between and among species. These relationships are represented in phylogenetic trees and these show how some species are descended from common ancestors.

Question 20

symmetry

Answer 20

Symmetry is a characteristic used to classify organisms into phyla. radial symmetry is symmetry around a central axis. bilateral symmetry is symmetry around a midline. Symmetry is important because symmetry is divisive between animal phyla between radial and bilateral symmetry.

Question 21

autotroph

Answer 21

an organism that uses sources of energy to produce nutrients from water, gasses, and/or minerals. Even organisms that can make their own food, the autotrophs, depend on other organisms. An example is how plants can create their own food with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water, but need microorganisms to recycle nutrients such as carbon, nitrogen, and other nutrients and animals for pollination.

Question 22

Angiosperm

Answer 22

angiosperms are a seed plant and are known as the flowering plants. Angiosperms have specific reproductive functions such as flowers. The flower is the specialized reproductive structure of the angiosperm; it produces pollen and/or ovules. The eggs of the plant are protected in an enclosed ovary. After fertilization, seeds form inside the ovary and the outer tissues of the ovary become a fruit. The fruit disperses the seeds.

Question 23

Gymnosperm

Answer 23

a vascular plant that produces seeds in special structures called cones; gymnosperms are a major plant group. cones are the reproductive structures of the gymnosperms. male plants produce pollen and female cones have seeds where an embryo develops inside.

Question 24

Xylem

Answer 24

“dead” cells. Are hollow and have a one-way flow. They mainly transport water and dissolved materials.

Question 25

Phloem

Answer 25

“alive” cells. they lack nucleus and organelles, these cells transport organic materials.

Question 26

prokaryote

Answer 26

A prokaryote is a unicellular organism. They DO NOT have MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES. An example of a prokaryotic cell is bacteria, since they do not have membrane bound organelles and do not have a nucleus. Prokaryotes can fall under kingdom eubacteria and kingdom archaea.

Question 27

eukaryote

Answer 27

A eukaryote is a multicellular organism (plants, animals, fungi) or unicellular organism (protists). It is any organism whose cells contain organelles. They were discovered at a similar time as prokaryotes.

Question 28

virus

Answer 28

a small infectious particle containing genetic material in the form of DNA or RNA within a protein capsule. They are small non-living particles.

Question 28

species

Answer 28

species are organisms that are capable of interbreeding freely with each other under natural conditions. This is important for reproduction and the population of a species, and is an important factor in evolutionary change.

Question 29

heterotroph

Answer 29

An organism that obtains energy rich nutrients by consuming living or dead organisms. This is because they cannot make their own food and depend on other organisms for their own survival.

Question 30

Photosynthetic

Answer 30

an autotrophic process; uses sources of energy to produce nutrients/food.

Question 31

chemosynthetic

Answer 31

food made from chemicals as an energy source.

Question 32

Cuticle

Answer 32

outermost protective layer. It is a waterproof waxy coating produced by the epidermis of most plants.

Question 33

Mesophyll cells

Answer 33

the ground tissue called the mesophyll, performs photosynthesis and is spongy to allow for gas exchange.