Biodiversity and Evolution

Question 1

What is Vital to sustaining life on earth?

Answer 1

Biodiversity found in genes, species, ecosystems

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

Set of individuals who can mate and produce fertile offfspring

Question 3

Classification

Answer 3

Kindgom, phylum, class, order, Family, genus, species

Question 4

Biomes (ecosystem diversity)

Answer 4

main communities with distinct abiotic conditions and biotic groups

Question 5

Biodiversity

Answer 5

Is an important part of natural capacity

Question 6

Genetic Diversity

Answer 6

Variety of genes within a species

Question 7

Functional Diversity

Answer 7

The biological and chem ical processes such as energy flow and matter recycling needed for the survival of species, communities and ecosystems

Question 8

Species Diversity

Answer 8

the # of different kinds of organisms in a given area

Question 9

Ecological Diversity

Answer 9

The variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems found in an area on earth

Question 10

Why does Biodiversity matter ?

Answer 10

It matters to keep our plants healthy and liveable. It gives room for adaptation to make the earth and all organisms living in it more resilient.

Question 11

What does the scientific theory of evolution explain?

Answer 11

How life on earth changes over time through changes in genes of population

Question 12

How do populations evolve?

Answer 12

When genes mutate and give some individuals genetic traits that enhance their abilities to survive and produce offspring with these traits

Question 13

Fossils

Answer 13

• act as evidence
  physical evidence of ancient organisms reveal what their external structures look like

Question 14

Biological evolution

Answer 14

How earths life changes over time through changes in genetic characteristics of population

Question 15

Natural Selection

Answer 15

Individuals with certain traits are more likely to survive & reproduce under a certain set of environmental condtions

Question 16

Evolution by natural selection works how?

Answer 16

through adaptations and mutations

Question 17

Genetic variation (micro evolution)

Answer 17

Random changes in DNA molecules occurs through mutations in reproductive cells

Question 18

Natural Selection

Answer 18

acts on individuals

Question 19

Adaptation

Answer 19

may lead to differential reproduction

Question 20

Microevolution

Answer 20

Changes within a species

Question 21

macroevolution

Answer 21

How new species arrive & how major groups evolve

Question 22

Reproductive capacity

Answer 22

of a species refers to its potential to produce offspring.

Question 23

As environmental conditions change, what happens to earth’s biodiversity?

Answer 23

The balance between formation of new species and extinction of existing species determines the earths biodiversity

Question 24

What is human activity’s effect on biodiversity?

Answer 24

Human activity can decrease biodiversity by causing the extinction of many species and by destroying or degrading habitats needed for the development of new species

Question 25

Speciation

Answer 25

one species splits into two or more

Question 26

Reproductive isolation

Answer 26

The existence of factors that blocks memebers of two species from producing viable, fertile offspring

Question 27

Prezygotic barriers

Answer 27

-before zygote stop members of different species from attempting to mate -Prevent an attempted mating from being completed -hinder fertilizations

Question 28

Prezygotic examples

Answer 28

habitat, temporal, biological, mechanical or genetic isolation

Question 29

Postzygotic barriers

Answer 29

- after the zygote reduced hybrid vitality reduced hybrid fertility hybrid breakdown

Question 30

Speciation can take place ....?

Answer 30

with or without geographic isolation

Question 31

Allopatric speication

Answer 31

geographic isolation happens first; physical isolation of populations for a long period

Question 32

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 32

reduction in gene flow among different populations due to habitat or behavioral changes, sexual selection, etc

Question 33

Speciation time

Answer 33

bacteria populations much faster than elephant populations bigger organisms take thousands to millions of years

Question 34

Extinction

Answer 34

Biological extinction local extinction

Question 35

Endemic species

Answer 35

Found only in one area -particularly vulnerable

Question 36

Background extintion

Answer 36

typical low rate of extinction

Question 37

Mass extinction

Answer 37

3-5 over 500 million years

Question 38

How do Geological Process and climate change affect evolution?

Answer 38

Tectonic plate movements, volcanic eruptions,earthquakes , and climate change have shifted wildlife habitats, wiped out large numbers of species, and created opportunities for the evolution of new species

Question 39

Geologic Processes Affect Natural Selection

Answer 39

- Tectonic plates affect evolution and the location of life and earth >Locations of continents and oceans have shifted >Species physically move, or adapt, or form new species through natural selection - Earthquakes -Volcanic eruption

Question 40

Climate Change and Catastrophes Affect Natural Selection

Answer 40

- Ice ages followed by warming temperatures -Collisions between the earth and large asteroids > Extinction >New Species