Biodiversity and Classification Flashcards
Taxonomy
The study and practice of naming and classifying species and groups within the hierarchical classification scheme
Hierarchical classification
The arrangement of organisms into groups of different rank
Taxonomic rank
one of the groups used in the hierarchical classification system for organisms
Taxonomic rank
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum ,Class ,Order ,Family ,Genus ,Species
Three domains
Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea
Features of Bacteria
- Prokaryotic
- Have no nucleus
3.DNA is circular and does not have histone proteins
4.Small circular molecules of DNA are often present
5.No membrane bound organelles
6.70s ribosomes are smaller than eukaryotic cells
7.Present cell wall -> peptidoglycan
8.Divide by binary fission
9.exists as single cells
Features of Eukarya
- Eukaryotic cell
2.Have nucleus
3.Present in some eukaryotes
4.Sexual and Asexual reproduction by mitosis
5.Have membrane bound organelles - DNA is arranged as linear chromosomes with histone proteins
7.Multi and uni cellular
8.Cell wall is present in some eukaryotes
Features of Archaea
- No nucleus
2.DNA exists as circular chromosomes and have histone proteins
3.Smaller circular molecules of DNA called plasmids are often present - Cells with no membrane bound organelles
5.Divide by binary fission
6.usually Single cells
7.Cell walls are always present (No peptidoglycan)
8.Membrane lipids are unique
Kingdoms
Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
Protoctista
1.Eukaryotic
2.Mostly single cell
3. Some have animal like cells. sometimes known as protozoa
4.Others have plant like cell known as algae
Fungi
- Eukaryotic
- Do not have chlorophyll and do not do photosynthesis
- Heterotrophic nutrition - use organic compounds made by other organisms as their source of energy
- Reproduce by spores
5.Simple body form, may be unicellular or made up of long threads called hyphae
6.Cell walls made of chitlin
7.Never have cilia
Plantae
1.Multicellular
2.Few types of specialized cells
3.Some have chloroplast and photosynthesise
4.Autotrophic nutrition
5.Have large, often permanent vacuoles for support
6. Cell wall are always present and made up of cellulose
7.Occasionally have flagella
Animalia
1.Multicellular eukaryotes with many specialized cells
2. Cells differentiate to form tissues and organs
3. Do not have chloroplast, cannot photosynthesis
4.Cell vacuoles are small and temporary
5. Heterotrophic nutrition
6.Cells do not have cell wall
7.Communication is by nervous system
8.Some specialized cell have cilia
Virus
Acellular, don’t have cellular structure
Infectious but have no metabolism
They copy the viral nucleic acid to make viral proteins
In virus DNA and RNA can be either double stranded or single stranded
Four groups of virus
How to classify virus?
The type of nucleic acid they contain (DNA / RNA)
whether the nucleic acid is single stranded or double stranded
Biodiversity
The variety of ecosystems and species in an area and the genetic diversity within each species
Diversity at three levels
1.The number and range of ecosystems and habitats
2.Number of different species in ecosystem and their relative abundance
3.Genetic variation within each species
Ecosystem
A self contained, interacting community of organisms and the environment they live in and with which they interact
Community
All of the living organism, of all species, that are found in a particular ecosystem at a particular time
Habitat
The place where an organism, a population or a community lives
Niche
The role of an organism in an ecosystem
Species diversity
All the species in an ecosystem that takes into account the species evenness and richness of the different species.
Why are ecosystems with high species density more stable?
They have greater resilience, able to resist changes in environmental factors
Genetic diversity
All the alleles of all the genes in the genome of a species.
