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Botany > Biodiversity and bryophytes > Flashcards

Biodiversity and bryophytes Flashcards

0
Q

Niche

A

The role played by an organism

Ie.the sum of all it’s interactions with other organisms and it’s abiotic environment

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1
Q

Why are there more species in the tropics than temperate regions

A

Evolutionary lineage
More stable resources
Predation
Spatial heterogeneity

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2
Q

Are most abundant in habitats that are cool damp and shady

A

Bryophytes

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3
Q

Can bryophytes be aquadic

A

Yes

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4
Q

These are considered non vascular plants since they lack a true vascular system

They don’t have true xylem or phloem
But they do have what?

A

Bryophytes

Do have water conducting cells called hydroids in the center of there stems also food conducting cells called leptoidsthat surround the hydroids

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5
Q

Function of rhizoids

A

Only anchor plant don’t absorb water or inorganic ions

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6
Q

Most bryophytes grow in moist conditions because

A

They need either dew or rain water to reproduce

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7
Q

What is more conspicuous in bryophytes and ferns than in most plants or organisms

A

Alternation of generation

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8
Q

What is the most noticeable stage of bryophytes

A

Gametophyte stage (n) the “leafy” plant is the gametophyte generation that produces gametes.

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9
Q

In bryophytes the stage that is less noticeable is what?

A

The sporophyte (2n) that produces spores

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10
Q

What is different about the sporophyte and gametophyte stage of bryophytes?

A

There permanently attached which provides the sporophyte with nutrients

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11
Q

Bryophyte spores like those of all other plants are encased in a substantial wall impregnated with the most decay and chemical resistant polymer know as what

A

Sporopollenin sporopollenin walls enable bryophyte spores to survive dispersal through the air from one moist site to another.

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12
Q

Bryophytes can also reproduce asexually known as ?

A

Fragmentation (vegatative propagation)

Another wide spread widespread means of asexual reproduction in miss and liverworts would be the production of gemmae(multicellular bodies that give rise to new gametophytes)

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13
Q

Bryophytes have similar characteristics but based on there structure and reproduction they are separated into 3 groups what are they

A

Phylums

  1. Liverwort
  2. mosses
  3. hornworts
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14
Q

Hornwort

A
  • only about 100 species
  • sporophyte has a basal meristem and it’s growth is continuos
  • a maturity sporophyte splits longitudinally into 2 ribbons
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15
Q

Liver wort

A
  • Only about 6,000 species

- different in three ways from mosses and and horn worts including chemical,DNA, and morphological differences.

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16
Q

Third largest group (phylum) of bryophytes

A

Mosses

Lineages: peat moss , granite moss, true moss

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17
Q

Peat moss consist of one of the largest genus ?

A

Sphagnum more than 400 species are recognized of sphagnum

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18
Q

Among the sporophytes which genus has the most distinctive sporophyte ?

A

Genus sphagnum in within the peat mosses

Sphagnum has a very distinctive sporophyte because of it’s short stalk
The spore discharge in sphagnum is spectacular “makes little popping noises”
The operculum pops off it is attached to the pseudopodium “fake stalk”

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19
Q

Sphagnum gametophyte have what

A

Side branches which are more densely arranged near the top of the stem resulting in a mop-like head

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20
Q
  • distributed worldwide
  • primarily found in wet areas
  • sometimes from floating mats over water
  • contribute to the acidity of their own environment
A

Sphagnum

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21
Q

The old head of a person was conserved due to what ?

A

Acidity of a peat bog “sphagnum”

22
Q

Why are peat bogs important?

A

Important to the global carbon cycle because peat stores (400 metric tons) of organic carbon that isn’t decayed to co2 by microorganisms

23
Q

What is peat formed out of

A 
Accumulation and compression of mosses also
Sledges
Reeds
Grasses
And other plants
24
Q

Has excellent absorptive and antiseptic properties

Widely used in horticulture

  • packing material
  • planting medium
  • soil and additive and acidifier
A

Sphagnum peat moss ( the harvesting and processing of sphagnum from peat bogs is a multi-million $industry and an ecological concern

25
Q

How do bryophytes absorb water

A

They have a thin cuticle that allows them to absorb water threw there plant body

26
Q

What are rhizoids related to

A

Mycorrhizae they do half what normal Roots do

27
Q

Lineages of moss that are long and unicellular

A

Horn and liverworts

28
Q

What swims in the moss reproduction

A

Gametophyte (multicellular haploid stage, long lived)

29
Q

What is a gemmae

A

Is a single cell or mass of cells that detaches from the parent to form a new new individual

30
Q

Thallus is multicellular

Have distinctive sporophyte

A

Hornworts

31
Q

Microphylls are unique to what

A

Liverworts

32
Q

Sphagnum moss seed has?

A

Food source inside and protective covering so it dosnt have to grow right away

33
Q

What protects the plant until it’s in a suitable area

A

Sporopollenin

34
Q

Gametophyte size small ->large

A

Spore bearing vascular plants flowering plants gymnosperms

35
Q

The gametophyte and sporophyte aren’t attached

A

Spore bearing vascular plant

36
Q

Sphagnum have a pseudopodium

A

Spore bearing

37
Q

Ancestors of land plants where what

A

Multicellular green algae that became established on the land over 400 million years ago
Colonization of land required evolution of several new adaptations

38
Q

Types of liver worts

A

Thalloid liverworts

Leafy liverworts

39
Q

What are the simplest land plants

A

Bryophytes

40
Q

Adaptations that allow bryophytes to live on land

A

Remain small
Remain closely tied to water
Flagellate sperm

41
Q

Early plants evolved important adaptations to their terrestrial environment

A
  • Internal conducting tissues (ie vascular system )
  • true leaves
  • roots that functioned in absorption as well as anchorage
  • gametophyte became progressively smaller
  • sporophyte stage became independent of gametophyte stage
  • sporophyte stage became progressively larger
42
Q

Ferns horse tail whisk ferns, club miss, and quill worts are all

A

Spore bearing vascular plants

43
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place in horse tails?

A

Stem or whorl of branches

44
Q

3 types of ferns that have different spore characteristics

A

Water ferns, typical ferns, moonwort ferns

45
Q

Typically the sporophyte is what in ferns?

A

The Perennial stage and small

The thalloid gametophyte is short lived

46
Q

Sporangia of most fern occurs where?

A

Margins or lower surfaces of the fronds or on seperate modified fronds

47
Q

Sporangia commonly occur in clusters called what?

A

Sori

48
Q

The sporangia of most ferns are stalked and each sporangium contains a special layer thick walled cells called what?

A

Annulus

49
Q

Ferns are the only spore eating vascular plants that have what

A

True leaves

50
Q

The ferns are the only seedless vascular plants to posses what

A

Megaphylls

51
Q

Fern fronds are often what?

A

Compound the lamina is divided into leaflets, or pinnae , which are attached to a rachis

52
Q

How did megaphylls and Microphylls evolve ?

A

Microphylls evolved as out growths called enations of the main axis

Megaphylls evolved by fusion of branch systems

Botany (3 decks)

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