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Biology- module 4 > biodiversity > Flashcards

biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

sampling

A

taking measurements of a small number of organisms present in a certain area

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2
Q

uses of sampling

A

measuring particulat chaa of an org

estimate n’ orgs in an area w/out having to count them all

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3
Q

random sampling

A

selecting indiv by chance, each indiv in pop has equal chance of selection

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4
Q

how are org studyed decided

A

random number tables or computers

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5
Q

non-random sampling

A

sample not chosen at random
opp
srat
sys

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6
Q

weakest form of sampling

A

opportunistic, not rep of pop

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7
Q

systematic

A

diff areas w/in the overall habitat identified, sampled separable

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8
Q

which sampling method used line/belt transect

A

systematic

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9
Q

line transect

A

marking line along ground bw poles at tking smaples at spec points- reg intervals, can inc desribing all rg which touch the line or distances of samples from the line

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10
Q

belt transect

A

prov more info than line, two parallel lines marked, samples taken from area bw two lines

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11
Q

factors which aff reliability of sample

A

sampling bias

chance

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12
Q

how to reduce eff of sampling bias

A

using random sampling, removing human involvement

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13
Q

how can the eff of chance be minimised

A

using a larger smaple size, decreasing prob that chanc will influence reliability

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14
Q

sampling animals

A 
pooter
sweep net
pitfall
treebeating
kick sample
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15
Q

smapling plants

A

point and frame quadrat

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16
Q

how would you collect the most valid rep sample of an area using a quadrat

A

use quadrat following a random sampling tech

17
Q

how would you use a quadrat to present distrib and presence of org across area of land

A

place quadrat along line/ belt transect

18
Q

frame quadrat

A

sq frame divided into a grid of = sections

19
Q

what can you calculate from a frame quadrat

A

density
percentage cover
frequency

20
Q

importance of genetic bd

A

survival

21
Q

why are spec that contin greater genetic bd less likely to become extinct

A

likely to b able to adapt to changes
likely to b org that carry advantageous allele which enables hem to survive altered condtions, reprod and pass to offspring

22
Q

factors that increase gen bd

A

mutations

interbreeding

23
Q

factors that deceases gen bd

A 
selectiv breeding
captive breeding programmes
natayral selection
genetic bottle necks
founder effect
genetic dift
24
Q

type of habitats

A

sand dunes, woodland meadows, streams

25
Q

factors aff bd

A

pop growth
agriculture (monoculture)
climate change

26
Q

ecological reasons for maintaining bb

A

protecting keystone species (interdependence of orgs)

maintaining genetic resource

27
Q

economic reasons for maintaining bd

A

reducing soil depletion (continuous monoculture)

28
Q

aesthetic reasons for maintaining bd

A

protecting landscapes

29
Q

in situ methods of maintaining bd

A

marine conservation zones and wildlife reserves

30
Q

ex situ methods of maintaining bd

A

seed banks, botanic gardens, zoos

31
Q

CITES

A

convention on international trade in endangered species

32
Q

CBD

A

Rio convension on biological diversity

33
Q

CSS

A

countryside stewardship scheme

34
Q

suitable pop to asses gen bd

A

zoos
rare breeds
pedigree animals

35
Q

proportion of polymorphic gene loci=

A

n’ polymorphic gene loci/total n’ loci

36
Q

what are frame quadrats used to do

A

sample the population of plants living in a habitat

37
Q

what used to measure biodiversity

A

Simpson’s index of biodiversity

38
Q

what does simpon’s index take into account

A

species richness and species evenness

39
Q

proportion of polymorphic gene loci=

A

n’ polymorphic gene loci/total n’ loci

Biology- module 4 (3 decks)

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