biodiversity Flashcards
sampling
taking measurements of a small number of organisms present in a certain area
uses of sampling
measuring particulat chaa of an org
estimate n’ orgs in an area w/out having to count them all
random sampling
selecting indiv by chance, each indiv in pop has equal chance of selection
how are org studyed decided
random number tables or computers
non-random sampling
sample not chosen at random
opp
srat
sys
weakest form of sampling
opportunistic, not rep of pop
systematic
diff areas w/in the overall habitat identified, sampled separable
which sampling method used line/belt transect
systematic
line transect
marking line along ground bw poles at tking smaples at spec points- reg intervals, can inc desribing all rg which touch the line or distances of samples from the line
belt transect
prov more info than line, two parallel lines marked, samples taken from area bw two lines
factors which aff reliability of sample
sampling bias
chance
how to reduce eff of sampling bias
using random sampling, removing human involvement
how can the eff of chance be minimised
using a larger smaple size, decreasing prob that chanc will influence reliability
sampling animals
pooter sweep net pitfall treebeating kick sample
smapling plants
point and frame quadrat
how would you collect the most valid rep sample of an area using a quadrat
use quadrat following a random sampling tech
how would you use a quadrat to present distrib and presence of org across area of land
place quadrat along line/ belt transect
frame quadrat
sq frame divided into a grid of = sections
what can you calculate from a frame quadrat
density
percentage cover
frequency
importance of genetic bd
survival
why are spec that contin greater genetic bd less likely to become extinct
likely to b able to adapt to changes
likely to b org that carry advantageous allele which enables hem to survive altered condtions, reprod and pass to offspring
factors that increase gen bd
mutations
interbreeding
factors that deceases gen bd
selectiv breeding captive breeding programmes natayral selection genetic bottle necks founder effect genetic dift
type of habitats
sand dunes, woodland meadows, streams
factors aff bd
pop growth
agriculture (monoculture)
climate change
ecological reasons for maintaining bb
protecting keystone species (interdependence of orgs)
maintaining genetic resource
economic reasons for maintaining bd
reducing soil depletion (continuous monoculture)
aesthetic reasons for maintaining bd
protecting landscapes
in situ methods of maintaining bd
marine conservation zones and wildlife reserves
ex situ methods of maintaining bd
seed banks, botanic gardens, zoos
CITES
convention on international trade in endangered species
CBD
Rio convension on biological diversity
CSS
countryside stewardship scheme
suitable pop to asses gen bd
zoos
rare breeds
pedigree animals
proportion of polymorphic gene loci=
n’ polymorphic gene loci/total n’ loci
what are frame quadrats used to do
sample the population of plants living in a habitat
what used to measure biodiversity
Simpson’s index of biodiversity
what does simpon’s index take into account
species richness and species evenness
proportion of polymorphic gene loci=
n’ polymorphic gene loci/total n’ loci
