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A Level Biology > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

Binomial system

A

A unique two or three partLatin name for every classified species. It is always written in italics. It is composed of the genus and species name

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2
Q

Genus

A

Generic name of an animal’s group. It starts with a capital letter

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3
Q

Species name

A

Denotes the specific variety of animal. It is always written in lower case

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4
Q

Analogous structures

A

Have a corresponding function and similar shape but a different evolutionary origin

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5
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Ancestors adapted to a similar environment to evolve similar structures from a different starting point to perform the same function

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6
Q

Homologous structures

A

Body parts that are structurally similar or have a common origin in related species but have different functions

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7
Q

Divergent evolution

A

Where common ancestral structure has evolved but with different functions

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8
Q

Courtship behaviour

A

Used to attract a mate

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9
Q

Classification

A

The grouping of organisms

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10
Q

Taxonomy

A

The theory and practice of biological classification

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11
Q

Phylogenetic classification

A

Based on the volition art relationships between organisms and their ancestors, classifying species into hierarchical groups using shared features derived from their ancestors

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12
Q

Hierarchy

A

The groups are contained within larger composite groups with no overlap

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13
Q

Taxon

A

A group within a phylogenetic biological classification

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14
Q

What is the order of the taxa?

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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15
Q

Taxonomic ranks

A

The positions of the taxa in a hierarchical order

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16
Q

What are the three domains?

A

Bacteria, archaea, eukarya

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17
Q

Archaea

A

A group of single-called prokaryotes that were originally classified as bacteria due to resemblance

18
Q

Biodiversity

A

A measure of the number of different species and habitats e.g. plants, animals, fungus, and the genes they contain

19
Q

Polygenic

A

Characteristics are coded for by more than one gene

20
Q

Community

A

All the living organisms present in an ecosystem at a given time

21
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the living and non-living components of a particular area

22
Q

Habitats

A

The places where an organism normally lives and which is characterised by physical conditions and the types of other organisms present

23
Q

Intercropping

A

The practice of growing two or more crops in close proximity usually to produce a greater yield on a piece of land

24
Q

Nitrogen-fixing

A

Incorporating atmospheric nitrogen gas into organic nitrogen-containing compounds e.g. legumes such as beans, peas, clover

25
Q

Nitrifying bacteria

A

Microorganisms that convert ammonium compounds to nitrites and nitrates

26
Q

Biotic

A

An ecological factor that makes up part of the living environment of an organism

27
Q

Abiotic

A

An ecological factor that makes up part of the non-biological environment of an organism

28
Q

Monoculture

A

Simultaneous growth of large numbers of crop plants of similar age and type within a defined area

29
Q

Eutrophication

A

When the environment becomes enriched with nutrients from excessive fertilisers containing nitrogen or phosphorous running into lakes or rivers

30
Q

Soil erosion

A

The removal of topsoil containing valuable nutrients by water flow or soil

31
Q

Desertification

A

Transformation of land once suitable for agriculture into arid desert resulting from climate change or human practices like deforestation and overgrazing

32
Q

Leaching

A

Minerals drain away from soil by action of rainwater percolating through

33
Q

Watershed

A

Region of land draining into a river system or body of water

34
Q

Coppicing

A

Cutting down trees close to the ground and then left for several years to regrow

35
Q

Selective cutting

A

Felting only some of the largest trees, leaving others in places

36
Q

Long rotation time

A

Leaving part of the forest for many years before re-harvesting it

37
Q

Agroforestry

A

Land use management where trees and shrubs are grown around or among crops and pasture. Combines agriculture and forestry to prod
Ice more diverse, healthy, profitable and sustainable land use systems

38
Q

Extinction

A

The loss of a species

39
Q

Conservation

A

The planned preservation of wildlife

40
Q

Deforestation

A

Removing trees by cutting or burning to use land for other purposes

41
Q

Afforestation

A

Establishing trees where they were previously none

42
Q

Reforestation

A

Planting trees where they previously existed

A Level Biology (8 decks)

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