Biodiversity

Question 1

Biodiversity definition

Answer 1

It’s a measure of the variety of living organisms in a particular area.

Question 2

Species biodiversity component

Answer 2

Species richness and species evenness

Question 3

Species richness definition

Answer 3

Number of different species present in a particular area

Question 4

Species evenness definition

Answer 4

A comparison of the number of individuals in each species present in a particular area

Question 5

Genetic biodiversity

Answer 5

The variety of different genes that make up a species.

Question 6

Habitat biodiversity

Answer 6

Number of different habitats found within an area

Question 7

Random sampling

Answer 7

Selects individuals by chance, so that every individual has an equal chance of being chosen

Question 8

Non-random sampling

Answer 8

• Opportunistic
• Stratified
• Systematic

Question 9

Opportunistic sampling

Answer 9

• weakest form => biased data

- uses the conveniently available sample

Question 10

Stratified sampling

Answer 10

• population is divided into strata based on particular characteristic (eg: gender)
• strata sampled separately in proportion to their part of the habitat as a whole

Question 11

Systematic sampling

Answer 11

• samples are taken at fixed intervals

- line transect or belt transect can be used

Question 12

Sampling animals techniques

Answer 12

• porter (small insects)
• sweep nets (insects in long grass)
• pitfall traps (crawling invertebrates)
• tree beating (invertebrates in trees)
• kick sampling (organisms in rivers)

Question 13

Sampling plants techniques

Answer 13

• point quadrant

- frame quadrant

Question 14

Measurements using the frame quadrant

Answer 14

percentage cover
density
frequency

Question 15

Simpson’s Index of Diversity

Answer 15

D= 1-(sum(n/N)^2)

0

Question 16

Abiotic factors and associated sensors

Answer 16

pH - pH meter
light intensity - light meter
temperature - thermometer
oxygen content in water - dissolved oxygen probe
wind speed - anemometer
relative humidity - humidity sensor

Question 17

Allele

Answer 17

Different version of the same gene

Question 18

Importance of genetic biodiversity

Answer 18

If genetic biodiversity is high, there are more chances of survival of organisms because they are more likely to be able to adapt to changes in their environment due to the present of a higher number of different genes

Question 19

Factors affecting genetic biodiversity

Answer 19

• mutations
• selective breeding
• interbreeding b/n different populations
• captive breeding (in zoos)
• rare breeds
• artificial cloning
• natural selection
• genetic bottlenecks (few individuals of a population survive an event or change)
• founder effect (when populations are geographically isolated)
• genetic drift (random nature of alleles being passed on from parents)

Question 20

Polymorphism

Answer 20

proportion of polymorphic genes=number of polymorphic gene loci/total number of gene loci

Question 21

Types of conservation

Answer 21

ex situ

in situ

Question 22

Keystone species

Answer 22

Species that play an important role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem