Biodiversity

Question 1

What is the importance of genetic diversity within a single species

Answer 1

When a population’s habitat changes, the population may have to adapt to survive; the ability of the population to adapt to the changing environment will determine their ability to cope with an environmental challenge.

Question 2

What are the effects on bees since they have lost their genetic diversity?

Answer 2

The bee population is dropping at a rapid rate due to disease and environmental changes that they can’t adapt to.

Question 3

List in order, from most inclusive to least, the 7 levels of biological classification.

Answer 3

1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species

Question 4

What is binomial nomenclature?

Answer 4

The system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific epithet.

Question 5

Example of binomial nomenclature.

Answer 5

Genus - Homo
Species - sapien

Uppercase lowercase

Homo - sapien

Question 6

Who created binomial nomenclature?

Answer 6

Carolus Linnaeus

Question 7

Why is binomial nomenclature a useful system?

Answer 7

It gives us a uniform and universally known way to name each individual species.

Question 8

List the 6 Biological kingdoms

Answer 8

Plantae
Animalia
Protista
Fungi
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria

Question 9

What are the characteristics of archaebacteria?

Answer 9

Prokaryote
Unicellular
Autotroph and heterotroph
Live in extreme places

Question 10

What are the characteristics of eubacteria?

Answer 10

Prokaryote
Unicellular
Autotroph and heterotroph
don’t live in extreme places

Example E.coli

Question 11

What types of characteristics place an animal into its phyla?

Answer 11

Sexual or asexual reproduction
Symmetry (radial or bilateral)
Hetero or autotrophic
complete or incomplete digestive system

Question 12

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 12

Pro”no”karyotic
-have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Eu”do”karyotic
-contain membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus

Question 13

What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative?

Answer 13

Gram-positive bacteria do not have an outer cell membrane found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is high in peptidoglycan which is responsible for retaining the crystal violet dye.

Question 14

Describe binary fission.

Answer 14

A kind of asexual reproduction. It’s the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes

In binary fission, the fully grown parent cell splits into two halves, producing two new cells. After replicating its genetic material, the cell divides into two nearly equal-sized daughter cells. The genetic material is also equally split. The daughter cells are genetically identical.

Question 15

what are mesophiles and extremophiles?

Answer 15

Mesophiles grow in moderate temperature while extremophiles live off of extreme conditions that are often detrimental to life
Most bacteria are mesophiles
Most archaea are extremophiles

Question 16

Give 3 examples of extremophiles.

Answer 16

Waterbears, they can live in crazy conditions such as just above absolute zero and above boiling point

Giant tube worms live deep in the ocean living in crazy pressure, and in the pitch dark.

Question 17

What are slime molds?

Answer 17

Slime molds are enormous single cells with thousands of nuclei. They are formed when individual flagellated cells swarm together and fuse. The result is one large bag of cytoplasm with many diploid nuclei

Question 18

How does the lysogenic cycle of a virus differ from the lytic cycle?

Answer 18

Lysogenic cycle
The lysogenic cycle the viral DNA merges with the cell replicating as the cell replicates spreading unnoticed as the cell replicates

Lytic cycle
The lytic cycle is when the virus “hijacks” the cell and controls it to produce more viruses, once enough of those viruses are built inside the cell it releases acid to break the cell wall releasing the newly made virus

Question 19

What is a saprophyte

Answer 19

A plant, fungus, or microorganism that feeds on dead or decomposing organic matter

Question 20

How is a retrovirus different from the lysogenic cycle? The lytic cycle?

Answer 20

Retrovirus is when a virus implants some of its own DNA into a host cells DNA which then produces the proteins needed to recreate the virus.

Question 21

State the three different types of biodiversity and describe each briefly.

Answer 21

Genetic Diversity - Diversity within a species

Species Diversity - Diversity between species in an ecosystem (aurora vs rain forest)

Ecosystem Diversity - The variety or ecosystems within a region (Australia is mainly desert, Canada has tundra, arctic etc.)

Question 22

What are the characteristics of Plantae?

Answer 22

Multi cellular
Eukaryotic
Autotroph (creates own food)
Sexual and Asexual

Question 23

What are the characteristics of Animalia?

Answer 23

Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Heterotroph
Sexual

Question 24

What are the characteristics of fungi?

Answer 24

Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Heterotroph
Sexual and Asexual

Question 25

What are the characteristics of Protista?

Answer 25

Single
Eukaryotic
Auto and Heterotroph
Sexual and Asexual

Question 26

Why are viruses considered to be non-living?

Answer 26

Viruses are not considered “alive” because they lack many of the properties that scientists associate with living organisms. Primarily, they lack the ability to reproduce without the aid of a host cell, and don’t use the typical cell- division approach to replication.