Biodiversity Flashcards
What is the importance of genetic diversity within a single species
When a population’s habitat changes, the population may have to adapt to survive; the ability of the population to adapt to the changing environment will determine their ability to cope with an environmental challenge.
What are the effects on bees since they have lost their genetic diversity?
The bee population is dropping at a rapid rate due to disease and environmental changes that they can’t adapt to.
List in order, from most inclusive to least, the 7 levels of biological classification.
- Kingdom
- Phylum
- Class
- Order
- Family
- Genus
- Species
What is binomial nomenclature?
The system of nomenclature in which two terms are used to denote a species of living organism, the first one indicating the genus and the second the specific epithet.
Example of binomial nomenclature.
Genus - Homo
Species - sapien
Uppercase lowercase
Homo - sapien
Who created binomial nomenclature?
Carolus Linnaeus
Why is binomial nomenclature a useful system?
It gives us a uniform and universally known way to name each individual species.
List the 6 Biological kingdoms
Plantae Animalia Protista Fungi Archaebacteria Eubacteria
What are the characteristics of archaebacteria?
Prokaryote
Unicellular
Autotroph and heterotroph
Live in extreme places
What are the characteristics of eubacteria?
Prokaryote
Unicellular
Autotroph and heterotroph
don’t live in extreme places
Example E.coli
What types of characteristics place an animal into its phyla?
Sexual or asexual reproduction
Symmetry (radial or bilateral)
Hetero or autotrophic
complete or incomplete digestive system
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Pro”no”karyotic
-have no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Eu”do”karyotic
-contain membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus
What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative?
Gram-positive bacteria do not have an outer cell membrane found in Gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is high in peptidoglycan which is responsible for retaining the crystal violet dye.
Describe binary fission.
A kind of asexual reproduction. It’s the most common form of reproduction in prokaryotes
In binary fission, the fully grown parent cell splits into two halves, producing two new cells. After replicating its genetic material, the cell divides into two nearly equal-sized daughter cells. The genetic material is also equally split. The daughter cells are genetically identical.
what are mesophiles and extremophiles?
Mesophiles grow in moderate temperature while extremophiles live off of extreme conditions that are often detrimental to life
Most bacteria are mesophiles
Most archaea are extremophiles
Give 3 examples of extremophiles.
Waterbears, they can live in crazy conditions such as just above absolute zero and above boiling point
Giant tube worms live deep in the ocean living in crazy pressure, and in the pitch dark.
What are slime molds?
Slime molds are enormous single cells with thousands of nuclei. They are formed when individual flagellated cells swarm together and fuse. The result is one large bag of cytoplasm with many diploid nuclei
How does the lysogenic cycle of a virus differ from the lytic cycle?
Lysogenic cycle
The lysogenic cycle the viral DNA merges with the cell replicating as the cell replicates spreading unnoticed as the cell replicates
Lytic cycle
The lytic cycle is when the virus “hijacks” the cell and controls it to produce more viruses, once enough of those viruses are built inside the cell it releases acid to break the cell wall releasing the newly made virus
What is a saprophyte
A plant, fungus, or microorganism that feeds on dead or decomposing organic matter
How is a retrovirus different from the lysogenic cycle? The lytic cycle?
Retrovirus is when a virus implants some of its own DNA into a host cells DNA which then produces the proteins needed to recreate the virus.
State the three different types of biodiversity and describe each briefly.
Genetic Diversity - Diversity within a species
Species Diversity - Diversity between species in an ecosystem (aurora vs rain forest)
Ecosystem Diversity - The variety or ecosystems within a region (Australia is mainly desert, Canada has tundra, arctic etc.)
What are the characteristics of Plantae?
Multi cellular
Eukaryotic
Autotroph (creates own food)
Sexual and Asexual
What are the characteristics of Animalia?
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Heterotroph
Sexual
What are the characteristics of fungi?
Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Heterotroph
Sexual and Asexual
What are the characteristics of Protista?
Single
Eukaryotic
Auto and Heterotroph
Sexual and Asexual
Why are viruses considered to be non-living?
Viruses are not considered “alive” because they lack many of the properties that scientists associate with living organisms. Primarily, they lack the ability to reproduce without the aid of a host cell, and don’t use the typical cell- division approach to replication.
