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Gr. 11 Biology Exam > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biodiversity?

A
  • the number and variety of species and ecosystems on earth
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2
Q

Name 6 factors that affect diversity?

A 
=individual variability
-evolutionary change
-genetic diversity
-species diversity
structural diversity
and interaction diversity
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3
Q

Define ecosystem

A

biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

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4
Q

Define physiological and give an example

A

body’s internal function eg. photosynthesis and DNA

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5
Q

Define anatomical

A

body structure and physical characteristics

eg. bones and eyes

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6
Q

how does biodiversity affect the health of an ecosystem

A
  • acts as insurance for species
  • so there are other species to fill in the hole in the food chain
  • could easily crumble with a change in the food web
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7
Q

Name 4 relationships between species

A

food eg. a bird eats a worm
hygiene - eg. fish clean sharks teeth
transportation - bird attaches to animal
protection - squirrel lives in tree

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8
Q

What impact does agriculture have on biodiversity?

A

habitat loss and fragmentation
pesticide and fertilizer use
reduction of genetic variation

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9
Q

Name 4 human impacts on biodiversity

A

forestry, fishing. mining. light pollution. hunting. urban expansion

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10
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

a form of classification that identifies individual organisms and represents relationships between them

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11
Q

Name the 8 taxa in order

A

1.domain 2. kingdom 3. phylum 4 class 5order family genus species

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12
Q

What did Carl Lineus contribute to biology?

A

he developed binomial nomenclature

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13
Q

Define species

A

a group of organisms that can breed in nature and produce fertile offspring

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14
Q

What is the morphological species concept?

A

separates species by their morphological characteristics and relies on measurement comparisons

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15
Q

What is the biological species concept?

A

separates species based on their ability to produce fertile offspring

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16
Q

What is the phylogenic species concept?

A

separates species by their evolutionary relationship

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17
Q

Describe how to find the most closely related organisms on a phylogenic tree

A

look for a clayde that is closest to present day

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18
Q

What is a dichotomous key and how do you make one?

A

a dichotomous key is an identification tool used to identify unfamiliar organisms
- to make one write to part choices that narrow down into a single species

19
Q

Describe a prokaryots

A

a small simple cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles ex. bacteria

20
Q

Describe uekaryots

A

a larger complex cell that has membrane bound organelles and a nucleus
has a great variety of structure and function
eg. plants and animals

21
Q

What are some similarities between between prokaryots and eukaryots?

A

They both have DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm and plasma membranes

22
Q

Name the 3 domains and describe them

A

uekarya has only uekaryots but both uni and multi cellular organisms
includes animals plants fungi and protista

23
Q

Domain eubacteria

A

has only prokaryots and unicellular organisms

has the kingdom eubacterial

24
Q

Domain archaea

A

has only prokaryots and unicellular organisms

includes kingdom archaea

25
Q

Name the 6 kingdoms

A

plants animals fungi protista eubacteria archaea

26
Q

what is a virus

A

a non-cellular lifeless particle not classified in kingdoms cannot produce its own energy and cannot reproduce without a living cell

27
Q

Name the different parts of viruses

A

genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a capsid a protective protein coat

28
Q

What is the lytic cycle?

A

virus attaches to cell, injects DNA or RNA into cell, host cell replicates DNA or RNA, new virus particles are made,, host cell breaks open and new viruses are released

29
Q

What is the lycogenic cycle?

A

virus injects DNA into the cell, DNA is incorporated into the cell’s DNA, DNA can stay dormant for many years, as a cell enters mitosis the viral DNA is recreated, once something triggers the virus the cells wake up and enter the lytic cycle

30
Q

What are the 3 cell shapes?

A

cocci, bacilli, spirilli

31
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

a process where carbon dioxide, water and sunlight are used by plants to make glucose and oxygen

32
Q

What is the difference between binary fission and conjugation?

A

binary fission is asexual reproduction where a cell divides into two identical cells and conjugation is sexual reproduction where cells exchange plasmids

33
Q

What is the theory of endocymbiosis?

A

a theory that explains how eukaryotic cells evolved
organelles were once free living prokaryots
engulfed by other cells but remained intact
continue to perform functions and benefited the host cell

34
Q

What are protists?

A

mostly unicellular organisms that reproduce by binary fission
most often live in water, damp areas and animal fluids

35
Q

What are plant-like protists?

A

make their own food with photosynthesis
most use binary fission
ex. algae and phytoplankton

36
Q

What are animal-like protists?

A

they cannot make their own food and have to ingest food
only use binary fission
eg. amoebas and parameciums

37
Q

What are fungi-like protists?

A

cannot make their own food and are heterotrophic or decomposers
use spores to reproduce eg. slime mould

38
Q

Name some characteristics of fungi

A 
eukaryots that uni or multi cellular
cannot perform photosynthesis
have mesh-like bodies and filaments
reproduce with spores
are heterotrophic decomposers
39
Q

What is the role of fungi in an ecosystem

A

help nutrient cycle and break down dead organisms and allow nutrients to get back to the soil

40
Q

What are some characteristics of plants?

A

multi cellular eukaryotic organisms
perform photosynthesis
have cell walls with cellulose

41
Q

What are the two types of roots?

A

monocot roots - branch roots that occupy a large shallow volume of soil
dicot roots - one main root that grows downward with limited branching

42
Q

What does the shoot system do for plants?

A

it supports the plant, transfers water and sugars from the roots to the leaves, perform photosynthesis
two main types: herbaceous and woody

43
Q

what is the role of plants in the ecosystem?

A

producers at the base of the food web and provide oxygen, habitats and shelter

44
Q

what are some characteristics of animal cells?

A

cells are eukaryotic and lack cell walls
multi cellular heterotrophs that ingest food
have mobility at some stage
includes vertebrates and invertebrates

Gr. 11 Biology Exam (4 decks)

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