Biodiversity

Question 1

What is biodiversity?

Answer 1

• the number and variety of species and ecosystems on earth

Question 2

Name 6 factors that affect diversity?

Answer 2

=individual variability
-evolutionary change
-genetic diversity
-species diversity
structural diversity
and interaction diversity

Question 3

Define ecosystem

Answer 3

biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment

Question 4

Define physiological and give an example

Answer 4

body’s internal function eg. photosynthesis and DNA

Question 5

Define anatomical

Answer 5

body structure and physical characteristics

eg. bones and eyes

Question 6

how does biodiversity affect the health of an ecosystem

Answer 6

• acts as insurance for species
• so there are other species to fill in the hole in the food chain
• could easily crumble with a change in the food web

Question 7

Name 4 relationships between species

Answer 7

food eg. a bird eats a worm
hygiene - eg. fish clean sharks teeth
transportation - bird attaches to animal
protection - squirrel lives in tree

Question 8

What impact does agriculture have on biodiversity?

Answer 8

habitat loss and fragmentation
pesticide and fertilizer use
reduction of genetic variation

Question 9

Name 4 human impacts on biodiversity

Answer 9

forestry, fishing. mining. light pollution. hunting. urban expansion

Question 10

What is taxonomy?

Answer 10

a form of classification that identifies individual organisms and represents relationships between them

Question 11

Name the 8 taxa in order

Answer 11

1.domain 2. kingdom 3. phylum 4 class 5order family genus species

Question 12

What did Carl Lineus contribute to biology?

Answer 12

he developed binomial nomenclature

Question 13

Define species

Answer 13

a group of organisms that can breed in nature and produce fertile offspring

Question 14

What is the morphological species concept?

Answer 14

separates species by their morphological characteristics and relies on measurement comparisons

Question 15

What is the biological species concept?

Answer 15

separates species based on their ability to produce fertile offspring

Question 16

What is the phylogenic species concept?

Answer 16

separates species by their evolutionary relationship

Question 17

Describe how to find the most closely related organisms on a phylogenic tree

Answer 17

look for a clayde that is closest to present day

Question 18

What is a dichotomous key and how do you make one?

Answer 18

a dichotomous key is an identification tool used to identify unfamiliar organisms
- to make one write to part choices that narrow down into a single species

Question 19

Describe a prokaryots

Answer 19

a small simple cell without a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles ex. bacteria

Question 20

Describe uekaryots

Answer 20

a larger complex cell that has membrane bound organelles and a nucleus
has a great variety of structure and function
eg. plants and animals

Question 21

What are some similarities between between prokaryots and eukaryots?

Answer 21

They both have DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm and plasma membranes

Question 22

Name the 3 domains and describe them

Answer 22

uekarya has only uekaryots but both uni and multi cellular organisms
includes animals plants fungi and protista

Question 23

Domain eubacteria

Answer 23

has only prokaryots and unicellular organisms

has the kingdom eubacterial

Question 24

Domain archaea

Answer 24

has only prokaryots and unicellular organisms

includes kingdom archaea

Question 25

Name the 6 kingdoms

Answer 25

plants animals fungi protista eubacteria archaea

Question 26

what is a virus

Answer 26

a non-cellular lifeless particle not classified in kingdoms cannot produce its own energy and cannot reproduce without a living cell

Question 27

Name the different parts of viruses

Answer 27

genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a capsid a protective protein coat

Question 28

What is the lytic cycle?

Answer 28

virus attaches to cell, injects DNA or RNA into cell, host cell replicates DNA or RNA, new virus particles are made,, host cell breaks open and new viruses are released

Question 29

What is the lycogenic cycle?

Answer 29

virus injects DNA into the cell, DNA is incorporated into the cell's DNA, DNA can stay dormant for many years, as a cell enters mitosis the viral DNA is recreated, once something triggers the virus the cells wake up and enter the lytic cycle

Question 30

What are the 3 cell shapes?

Answer 30

cocci, bacilli, spirilli

Question 31

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 31

a process where carbon dioxide, water and sunlight are used by plants to make glucose and oxygen

Question 32

What is the difference between binary fission and conjugation?

Answer 32

binary fission is asexual reproduction where a cell divides into two identical cells and conjugation is sexual reproduction where cells exchange plasmids

Question 33

What is the theory of endocymbiosis?

Answer 33

a theory that explains how eukaryotic cells evolved organelles were once free living prokaryots engulfed by other cells but remained intact continue to perform functions and benefited the host cell

Question 34

What are protists?

Answer 34

mostly unicellular organisms that reproduce by binary fission most often live in water, damp areas and animal fluids

Question 35

What are plant-like protists?

Answer 35

make their own food with photosynthesis most use binary fission ex. algae and phytoplankton

Question 36

What are animal-like protists?

Answer 36

they cannot make their own food and have to ingest food only use binary fission eg. amoebas and parameciums

Question 37

What are fungi-like protists?

Answer 37

cannot make their own food and are heterotrophic or decomposers use spores to reproduce eg. slime mould

Question 38

Name some characteristics of fungi

Answer 38

``` eukaryots that uni or multi cellular cannot perform photosynthesis have mesh-like bodies and filaments reproduce with spores are heterotrophic decomposers ```

Question 39

What is the role of fungi in an ecosystem

Answer 39

help nutrient cycle and break down dead organisms and allow nutrients to get back to the soil

Question 40

What are some characteristics of plants?

Answer 40

multi cellular eukaryotic organisms perform photosynthesis have cell walls with cellulose

Question 41

What are the two types of roots?

Answer 41

monocot roots - branch roots that occupy a large shallow volume of soil dicot roots - one main root that grows downward with limited branching

Question 42

What does the shoot system do for plants?

Answer 42

it supports the plant, transfers water and sugars from the roots to the leaves, perform photosynthesis two main types: herbaceous and woody

Question 43

what is the role of plants in the ecosystem?

Answer 43

producers at the base of the food web and provide oxygen, habitats and shelter

Question 44

what are some characteristics of animal cells?

Answer 44

cells are eukaryotic and lack cell walls multi cellular heterotrophs that ingest food have mobility at some stage includes vertebrates and invertebrates