Biodiversity Flashcards
Biodiversity definition.
number of species and the number of individuals within one community
Species richness definition
number of different species in a community
Community definition
all the individuals of the same species living together in the same area at the same time
Species definition
group of similar organisms with the same genes that interbreed to produce fertile offspring’s
Genetic diversity definition
difference in DNA
Niche definition
organisms role within a ecosystem and how it interacts with other species and how it responds to the environment
Habitat definition
a place when organism lives within an ecosystem which is characterised by abiotic and biotic factors
Diversity index
need total number of species and number of individuals of each species = the greater the diversity of index, the greater the species diversity
Equation for index of diversity
D = N(N-1)/total n(n-1)
What is the information required to calculate index of diversity of a particular community?
Number of total species
Number of individuals of each species
Explain why index of diversity may be more useful measure of biodiversity?
Measure the number of individuals of each species
Some species may be present in high and low numbers
How to make index of diversity more accurate
- Sample collected from a random field so not biased.
- Sample is large so representative
Give two advantages of using index of biodiversity and indicate species
Index of biodiversity measure the number of organisms of each species
You do not need to identify each species
Suggest one economic argument for maintaining biodiversity
Tourism
Agriculture
Pharmaceutical uses
Saving local forest communities
Ecosystem stability
the higher the diversity the more stable the ecosystem is as with wide variety of organism less likely that a disease or a change in climate will affect every organism allowing ecosystem to continue to exist.
Farming
Farming= reduce the species diversity
Land is cleared, which decreases variety of plants so fewer plant species
Animals are lost so fewer habitats and niches
Growth of a specific crop or animals, species controlled or stopped
Pesticides and herbicide, maybe used to kill unwanted species
Fertilisers designed to encourage growth
Classification
grouping organisms
Taxonomy
theory and practice of classification
Binomial naming system
First word is genus and first letter has a capital name
Second word is species and all in lower case
Underline it all
Hierarchy
groups within groups with no overlap between them
List taxa groups
Domain= highest taxonomic rank and the most organisms=
Bacteria, Archaea= single cell prokaryotes but also assemble bacteria as fatty acids and glycerol joined by Esther bonds, genes and protein synthesis more similar to eukaryotes, no murien in cell walls, more complex RNA polymerase, eukarya = split into four kingdoms which show hierarchy( Protista, fungi, Amalia, Plantea)
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Phylogenetic
grouping according to evolutionary links as they share common ancestor
Organisms which share same common and movies that are more closely related
Courtship behaviour
Attract same species
Attracts opposite sex
Indication of sexual maturity
Stimulates release of gametes
Forms pair bond
Modern classification method
Observable characteristics
Base sequence of DNA
Base sequence of mRNA
Amino acid sequence
