Biodiversity Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is meant by the term community
Population of living organisms in a habitat
What is meant by the term biodiversity
Variety of living organisms in a region
State the 3 types of biodiversity
Genetic
Habitat
Species
What is habitat biodiversity?
The different habitats in one area
What is the effect of a rich habitat biodiveristy?
Rich species biodiversity
State the 2 factors of species biodiveristy
Species richness
Species evenness
What is meant by species evenness
Compares how many individuals of each species are in a community
What is meant by species richness
Variety of diff species in an area
What is genetic biodiversity
Variety of genes and alleles with species
State 2 benefits of greater genetic biodiversity
-Animals can better adapt to environmental change
-If species face new pathogen, greater variety of alleles means some individuals more likely to survive
What is Simpson’s index of diversity used for?
Determine species biodiversity of area
State the formula for Simpson’s Index of diversity
1-sigma(n/N)^2
What is a monomorphic gene?
What are polymorphic genes?
Genes with only 1 allele
Genes with many diff alleles
State the formula for calculating the proportion of polymorphic genes
= no. polymorphic genes/total no. genes
What is a locus?
Position of gene on chromosome
State 2 factors that can increase genetic biodiversity
Random, spontaneous mutations -> new alleles
Migration between populations can transfer alleles
State 2 factors that can decrease genetic biodiversity
What is genetic bottleneck
-Population of species crashes to low level
-One individual used to breed and increase population -> gene pool low
what is genetic drift
individuals in population may not reproduce -> if they’re only ones with certain allele-> allele will be lost
What are the factors affecting biodiversity?
