Biodiversity

Question 1

how can biodiversity be measured

Answer 1

into habitat, species and genetic

Question 2

what is habitat biodiversity

Answer 2

.number of different habitats in an area(sand dunes, woodlands and streams)

Question 3

what is species biodiversity

Answer 3

.number of species in an area (species richness)
.abundance of each species in an area (species evenness

Question 4

what is genetic biodiversity

Answer 4

.the number of variations of alleles within a species

Question 5

what is random sampling

Answer 5

.study of a small part of the habitat and making a assumption that it representative if the full habitat
.randomly chosen to have no bias

Question 6

how to do random sampling using quadrats

Answer 6

.divide area into a large grid(10m x 10m)
.use random number generator to generate the co-od for 10 samples
.take quadrat and plact at co-od
.measure abundance or % cover of plants species
.repeat for other co-od

Question 7

types of techinques to sample animals

Answer 7

.pitfall trap
.tullgren funnel
.kite net
.pooter
.light trap
.sweep net
.humane small mammal trap
.plankton net
.dredge net
.kick sampling

Question 8

what are the type of non-random sampling

Answer 8

systematic
opportunistic(weak as it is oftern biased)
stratified

Question 9

how to do systematic sampling

Answer 9

.take rope or tape measure across habitat and take sample across line
.larger habitats = use line transect and record plants touching the line at set intervals

Question 10

what is stratified sampling

Answer 10

.diff areas of a habitat are identified and sampled separately in proportion to their pary of the overall habitat

Question 11

what is simpsons’ diversity index

Answer 11

measures diversity of a habitat, takes species richness and evenness to account

D = 1- [sum of(n/N)^2]

D = diversity
n = no. of individuals or % cover of a species
N = total no. of all individuals or % cover of all species

.higher = more diverse(small change to habitat = effects 1 species only)(stable)
.low = less diverse(dominated by a few species = small change could damage whole habitat)

Question 12

how do you measure genetic diversity

Answer 12

monomorphic - only one version of gene
polymorphic - two or more versions of a gene

Question 13

what factors affect biodiverstiy

Answer 13

.population growth
.deforestation for agriculture
.climate change affecting habitats

Question 14

what reasons are there to maintain biodiversity

Answer 14

.ecological = protecting keystone species, maintaining resources
.economic = reducing soil depletion(continuous monoculture)
.aesthetic = protecting landscapes

Question 15

what is in situ conservation

Answer 15

.conserving a species in its natural enviroment
.natural parks, preventing introduction of species, protecting habitats, restoring damaged areas, legal protection to endangered species

Question 16

what is ex situ conservation

Answer 16

.conserving a endangered species outside its normal enviroment
.breeding species in captivity then releasing them into the wild
.preserving genetic material
.botanic gardens
.seed banks

Question 17

what is CITES

Answer 17

.regulates and monitors international trade
.ensure IT does not endanger the survival of wild populations

Question 18

what is CBD

Answer 18

.signed in 1992 by 150 countries
.promotes sustainable development
.encourages partner countries to adopt ex situ and in situ measures

Question 19

what is CSS

Answer 19

.1991
.paid land owners to manage land for biodiversity