Biodiversity Flashcards
Define the word taxom
taxom is a taxonomy category in which diff species are gathered at various descending hierarchical levels according to homology and phylogenetic relationship
arrange the taxonomic categories in descending oders in therm in their size
Kingdom,Phylum,Class,Order,Family,Genus,Species
-make sure first letter is big
-Keep Ponds Clean Or Fish Get Sick
what is meant by biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the variation of life forms within a
given area
What is meant by species?
-is a basic unit of biodiversity
-a group of organisms with similar feature
-that can interbread to produce fertile offspring
-reproductively isolated from other species
Explain the importance of taxonomy in biological science?
-understand evolutionary pattern
-predicting characteristics of newly discovered species
-biological knowledge can be communicated effeciently among scientist
-enable strategies for protection and conservation of endangered and thretened to be developed
-facilitates study of anatomy ,physiology and morphology of similar organism.
Explain the problems that exist in defining species?
-biological species concept states that 2 organisms belong to the same species if they can interbread to produce viable offspring
It cannot be applied
-fossil speceis
-organisms that reproduce asexually
-species that do not reproduce through meiosis and fertilization
Describe the binomial nomenclature?
Formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts.
Both of which use Latin grammatical forms, Latin name.
The first part of the name identifies the genus to which the species belongs.
The second part the specific name to identifies the species within the genus.
The formal introduction of this system of naming species is credited to Carl
Linnaeus.The application of binomial nomenclature is now governed by various internationally agreed codes of rules,
The first letter of the first part of the name, the genus, is always capitalized in writing, while that of the second part is not Similarly, both parts are italicized when a binomial name occurs in normal text (or underlined in handwriting)…
Benefits of binomial system?
Clear Identification: Helps differentiate between beneficial and harmful species, which is crucial for food, shelter, and safety.
Biodiversity Recording: Essential for documenting the variety of life on Earth.
Scientific Communication: Enables scientists worldwide to communicate biological knowledge efficiently.
Conservation Efforts: Facilitates strategies for protecting endangered species.
what is meant by taxonomy hierarchy
-process of classifying an organisam into an existing group based on its resemblence
suggest some positive actions which could be taken to help conserve biodiversity in Malaysia?
-Have in situ conservation-national parks,wild life reserves
-have exsitu conservation-zoo,botanical garden
-legislation and law enforcement
-education on importance of preserving and conserving bilogical diversity
-campaigns should be organised
-forest reserves
-strategies and plans to preserve biological diversity
-use of ecofriendly materials
-replanting of forest
Describe the negative implications of human activites towards enviroment
- When large areas of forests are cleared for development, soil erosion of the ground surface may occur when it rains.
- This causes the riverbed to be raised and stops the flow of water due to siltation(deposition of soil)
- . As a result, flash floods occur.
- Overlogging and illegal logging for timber has resulted in the carbon dioxide released by the plants being trapped in the Earth, thereby trapping the heat.
- This results in the greenhouse effect causing global warming.
- Water pollution is caused by the discharge of industrial chemicals and organic wastes from the sewage into the rivers, as well as acid rain.
- Improper agricultural practices, such as crop rotation, cause the nutrient cycles to be disrupted.
- Pesticides used in agriculture flow into rivers, lakes, and oceans, causing eutrophication, thus aquatic organisms are killed.
Describe the negative implications of human activites towards biodiversity
- Large areas of forest were cleared for mining, plantations, and development.
- This causes most species to become endangered,leading to extinction.
- The destruction of habitats threatens the survival of species.
- Large areas of mangrove forests have been converted for agricultural purposes and timber
- Illegal hunting and poaching of animals for their fur, as delicacies, or for medicinal purposes have resulted in the reduction of wildlife populations, leading to the extinction of certain species.
- Fish bombing has resulted in a large decline in quantities of fish in the ocean.
- Extensive use of pesticides in oil palm and rubber plantations has caused some species to become extinct.
- The introduction of new species can displace the original species from the area, causing the original species to become endangered/threatened.
the greatest threat to biodiversity is human activites explain
Loss of Habitat:
Forests are cleared for agriculture, housing, industry, and logging.
Destruction of mangroves due to development and logging contributes to habitat loss.
Deforestation causes climate change, soil erosion, and leaching of minerals, degrading natural habitats.
Siltation from development and logging affects lakes and rivers, making them unsuitable for aquatic life.
Habitat loss leads to the extinction of many species.
Air and Water Pollution:
Emission of sulphur dioxide and greenhouse gases causes acid rain, changing the pH of water bodies and harming aquatic organisms.
Water temperature increases due to pollution, affecting ecosystems.
Fertilizers, sewage, toxic waste, and industrial run-off lead to water and soil pollution, causing eutrophication, which depletes oxygen in water and kills aquatic organisms.
Rubbish, especially plastic from human settlements, harms marine animals as they mistake it for food.
Commercial Overexploitation of Species:
Animals and plants are hunted and collected for medicinal purposes, fashion (fur, reptile skin), exotic dishes, and pets, leading to population declines.
Harmful fishing practices like trawling and fish bombing drastically reduce marine species, with bycatch killing non-target species like dolphins and turtles.
Introduction of Foreign Species:
Humans introduce foreign species to new areas, which can spread diseases or outcompete/prey on native species, threatening biodiversity.
Describe the various steps and efforts taken by various agencies and organisation to adress threats (malaysia laws and enactments)
Malaysia laws and enactments
-national forestry act 1984-conserve and manage the the forests in malaysia based on sustainable mangement priciple
-Protection of wildlife act 1972-provide establishment of wildlife reserves
-Fisheries act 1985-
Describe the various steps and efforts taken by various agencies and organisation to adress threats (Education ,sewage,pesticides)
-use mass media to spread awarness
-run campaign like reduce,reuse and recycle
-sewage and industrial treatment can be done before descharging them onto rivers
-avoid excessive use of pesticides and fertilisers
