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Biology Unit 2 > Biodiversity > Flashcards

Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. What is an ecosystem?
A

A community of populations, interacting with each other and with their environment

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2
Q
  1. What is a population?
A

All the members of the same species that occur together in a particular area at a particular time

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2
Q
  1. What do we mean by “biodiversity”
A

The variety of different organisms living in a particular area

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2
Q
  1. What is a community?
A

All the living organisms (the different populations) which occur together in the same place at the same time

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3
Q
  1. What are the 2 main components of the biodiversity definition?
A

Species richness and species abundance

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4
Q
  1. What is the difference between species richness and species abundance?
A

Species richness is the NUMBER OF DIFFERENT SPECIES in the habitat and species abundance is the NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS OF EACH SPECIES in the habitat

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5
Q
  1. What would a low species diversity (D closer to 1) tell you?
A

Few species with simple food webs and few niches in a stressful, unstable environment

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5
Q
  1. What are the 3 types of biodiversity? (which together give a full picture of biodiversity)
A
  1. Genetic Diversity (the diversity of genes i.e. all the different genetic combinations, within the gene pool of a species)
  2. Ecosystem diversity (the variety of ecosystems or habitats in an area
  3. Species diversity (a measure of both species richness and species abundance)
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5
Q
  1. What is SIMPSON’S INDEX (D) a measurement of?
A

Biodiversity i.e. species richness and species abundance

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6
Q
  1. How would you collect the data needed for Simpson’s Index in a particular area?
A
  1. Place quadrats (approx. 25) at randomly generated coordinates
  2. Record all species present and either number or % cover of each in each quadrat
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7
Q
  1. What does the number for Simpson’s Index (D) mean?
A

It is a value between 0 and 1 where the closer to zero D is, the greater the biodiversity in that area

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8
Q
  1. What would a high species diversity (D close to 0) tell you?
A

Greater number of species with complex webs and lots of niches in a stable environment

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9
Q
  1. What is TAXONOMY?
A

The study of placing organisms into groups based on similarities i.e. the study of classification

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9
Q
  1. What are the TAXONOMIC RANKS in order, starting with SPECIES?
A

Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum,Kingdom

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10
Q
  1. What is a SPECIES?
A

A group of individuals of common ancestry that closely resemble each other, and are capable of interbreeding to form fertile offspring

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11
Q
  1. Write FELIS CATUS correctly (may be more than 1 option)
A
  • Felis catus
  • Felis catus
  • F. catus
11
Q

15 What is the BINOMIAL NAME of an organism made up of?

A

Its GENUS name, followed by its SPECIES name

12
Q
  1. What is Phylogenetic taxonomy?
A

Classifying organisms according to their ANCESTRAL RELATIONSHIPS

13
Q
  1. What are the characteristics of prokaryotes?
A
  • No proper nucleus, nucleoid instead
  • No membrane bound organelles
  • Smaller ribosomes than eukaryotes
  • Cell wall of peptidoglycan
  • Cell division is via binary fission
13
Q
  1. In Phylogenetic taxonomy, what 3 features are looked at?
A
  1. Morphological and anatomical features - what physical features do they have in common? eg the pentadactyl limb
  2. Cell structure - tells us if they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic
  3. Biochemistry - looking at base sequences of DNA and RNA and amino acid sequences of proteins for similarities
14
Q
  1. In the 5 kingdom system, what are the 5 kingdoms?
A

Prokaryote, Protoctista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

15
Q
  1. What are the characteristics of protoctista?
A

Eukaryotic; unicellular with little sub-cellular differentiation usually: may be multicellular with limited differentiation

16
Q
  1. How are protozoa and chlorophyta different?
A
  • Protozoa are heterotrophic, engulfing food by phagocytosis and digesting it intracellularly
  • Chlorophyta are photosynthetic, containing chlorophyll and are often aquatic. They are not plants as they have very limited differentiation (no roots, shoots etc )
16
Q
  1. What are the 2 main types of protoctista?
A

Protozoa and chlorophyta

17
Q
  1. What are the characteristics of fungi?
A

They are eukaryotic, heterotrophic, either unicellular or multicellular, have cell walls of CHITIN, reproduce using spores, are made from threads called hyphae and are often multinucleate

18
Q
  1. What are the features of kingdom plantae?
A

They are multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic with chlorophyll inside chloroplasts, have cellulose cell walls and plasmodesmata, and store starch and oils

18
Q
  1. How do saprophytic fungi feed?
A

They digest organic material extracellularly by secreting hydrolytic enzymes into the soil or onto dead plant and animal material. They then absorb the soluble products. (so are important decomposers)

19
Q
  1. What are the features of kingdom animalia?
A

Multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic, store carbohydrate as glycogen and move

Biology Unit 2 (5 decks)

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