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zoology > biodiversity > Flashcards

biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

outline parazoa

A

assymeitrcal
no gastrulation
water taken in through porocytes
and expelled out the osculum

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2
Q

outline cnidaria

A

jellyfish, hydras and coral
mouth is also an anus
some nerve network
cnidocytes on tentacles

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3
Q

animals in lophotrochozoan

A

flatworms, segmented worms and mollocus
ring of cilia on there larvae

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4
Q

outline protostomes

A

spiral cell division
early cell determination
body cavity forms from mesoderm
mouth forms first before anus

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5
Q

outline flatworms

A

phylum Platyhelminthes
digestive and reproductive organs
no circulatory organs
reproduce as hermaphrodites
contains parasitic flukes and tapeworms

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6
Q

Outline segmented worms

A

Phylum Annelida
through gut from mouth to anus
circular and longitudinal muscles
digestive tract has specialized reasons
contains earthworms polychaetes and leeches
has segmentation

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7
Q

outline molluscs

A

phylum mollusca
snails, slugs octopus and clams
same body plan: foot, visceral mass mantle and radula
contains: gastropods bivalves and cephalopods

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8
Q

outline ecdysozoans

A

undergo ecdysis (shedding of exoskeleton)
contains Nematoda (roundworms)
and arthropds

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9
Q

outline chelicerates

A

spiders, horseshoe crabs and ticks
combined head and thorax
no antenna no legs on abdomen
typeof arthropod

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10
Q

outline crustaceans

A

lobsters and crabs
two pairs of antenna
large pincers
thorax has legs for walking
segmented abdomen to help with swimming

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11
Q

outline deuterostomes

A

radial cleavage
cell fate determined early
body cavity forms from endoderm
blastopore becomes anus
contains echinoderms (star fish)
and chordates

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12
Q

outline ostracoderms

A

ancient jawless fish
heavily armourder
covered with bony plates and scales
no pectoral fins

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13
Q

outline modern jawless fish

A

eel like
lack paired fins and jaws
no armour
Hag fish and lampreys

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14
Q

outline cartilaginous fish

A

sharks, rays, rat-fish
acute senses for predatory lifestyle
lateral line system for detecting pressure
electroreceptive organs
many covered in placoid scales

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15
Q

outline bony fish

A

endoskeleton of calcium phosphate
lateral line system
hydrostatic organ for boyunacy
most use external fertilisation and are oviparous

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16
Q

outline echinoderms

A

Starfish and sea urchins
adults radial symmetry
larvae bilateral
symmetry
endoskeleton made from calcareous plates
water vascular system for locomotion/gas exchange
separated from chordates 500MYA

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17
Q

outline characteristics of the phylum Chordata

A

notochord - long flexible rod between digestive and nerve (skeletal support)
dorsal hollow nerve chord - forms brain
pharyngeal slits - slits in the throat for water to pass through
muscular post-anal tail -

18
Q

outline urochordates

A

sea squirts
U shaped filter feeder
adults dont have all chordate characteristics but larvae does

19
Q

outline tetrapods

A

first fish with legs
strong skeletal structured fins
lungs and internal nostrils
includes tiktaalick

20
Q

outline evolution and closest relatives of tetrapod

A

acanthostega - 8 fingers
ichthyostega 6.5 fingers
erypos 5 fingers
lobed-fin fish and lung fish

21
Q

outline amphibians

A

4,800 species
dominated the carboniferous era
due to no competition

22
Q

outline amphibians adaptations

A

lungs in adults
chromatophores to absorb Uv
keratin and mucous to prevent water loss
solid pelvic girdle but flexible pectoral girdle
lateral line lost in adults
evolution of ear
3 chambered heart

23
Q

outline order urodela

A

tailed ones
newts and salamanders
lung trunk, tail
some salamanders are paedomorphic - sexual maturity is reached at larval stage

24
Q

outline order anura

A

tail-less ones
frogs and toads
strong hind legs for jumping
ribs fused to vertebrae

25
Q

outline order apoda

A

legless ones
caecilians
sub terranean
most are blind
tentacles with olfactory sense worm like through convergent evolution

26
Q

outline amniote egg structure from out to in

A

shell
albumin
Chlorion
yolk sac
allantois
amnion

27
Q

three amniote linages

A

fenestra - opening in skull where muscles attach
anapsids -no fenestra and are extinct
synapsid - one fenestra and mammals
diapsid - two fenestra birds and reptiles

28
Q

outline reptiles

A

7,000 species
heavy ossified skeleton
skin is keratinized with scales
ectotherms
internal fertilization

29
Q

outline order chelonia

A

turtles terrapins and tortoises
teeth replaced by sharp horny plates
body dermal plates fuse to form carapace and plastron
typeof reptile

30
Q

outline order squamata

A

lizards and snakes
some have chromatphores

31
Q

outline order crocodilia

A

crocodiles and alligators
alligators have non visible lower teeth when mouth closed

32
Q

outline order sphenodontia

A

tuatara
two species in NZ

33
Q

adaptations for flight

A

hollow bones
reduced organs
no teeth
large pectoral muscles
aerofoil wing shape

34
Q

outline order Carinates

A

flying birds
large variety of forms

35
Q

outline order ratites

A

raft shaped birds
flightless

36
Q

anatomical features of mammals

A

mammalian jaw is single bone
ear bones devloped from reptilian jaw bones
heterodont teeth (specialized)

37
Q

evolutionary history of mammals

A

220 mya fossils found
Mesozoic mammals where nocturnal insectivores

38
Q

outline order Metatheria

A

marsupials (pouched mammals)

39
Q

outline order eutheria

A

placental mammals
devlopment in uterus
originated 50-70 MYA
4 groups
-afrotheria
-xenarthra
-laurasiantheria
-eucrchontoglires

40
Q

outline afrotheria

A

elephants and manatees

41
Q

outline Xenarthra

A

sloths, anteaters and armadillos
reduced or no teeth

42
Q

outline laurasiantheria

A

insectivores - moles, shrews and hedgehogs and bats
carnivores - cats, dogs seals and cetaceans, artiodactyls, perissodactyls

zoology (2 decks)

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