Biodiversity Flashcards
Biodiversity
Number of species and the number of individuals of each of the species within a community
Species richness
The number of different species in community
Community
All the individuals of all the species living together in the same area at the same time
Genetic diversity
Difference in dna
Species
Group of similar organism
That reproduce to produce fertile offspring
Niche
Organism role within ecosystem
Refers to how they behave and interact with environment and other species
What information required to calculate an index of diversity
Number of species
Number of individuals of each species
Diversity index
N(N-1
————
Σn(n-1)
N= total number of organisms of all species
n=total number of organism of each species
The number of species present is one way to measure diversity. Explain why an index of diversity may be a more useful measure
Measures the number of individuals of each species
Some
Species present in high numbers
Economic argument for maintaining biodiversity
Medical uses
Tourism
Agriculture
Forest cleared
Why does species diversity decrease
Decrease in variety of plants
Fewer habitats and niches
Decrease in variety of food sources
Fewer herbivores+carnivores
When writing species name must be underlined
Suggest how the scientist measured the rate of water flow in the river.
Time to fill container of known volume
Give ways in which genetic diversity between species is measured
•Comparing differences in the base sequence of dna/mrna
• comparing observable characteristics
• comparing amino acid sequences
Explain the advantage of showing the data using standard deviations rather than ranges
SD is spread of data around the mean;
Accept: variation around the mean.
- (SD) reduces effect of anomalies/ outliers;
- (SD) can be used to determine if (difference in results is) significant/not significant/due to chance /not due to chance;
Domain split into what organims
Bacteria
Archaea (prokaryotes)
Eukarya
Hierachy
Groups are within larger groups
No overlap
Phylogenetic group
Grouped according to evolutionary links
Is courtship behaviour genetically determined or no
It is genetically determined
Give 2 ways in which courtship increases probability of successful mating
Attracts same species
Attracts opposite sex
Indication of sexual maturity
Stimulates release of gametes
Forms pair bond
Modern classification methods
Comparing
Base sequence of DNA
base sequence of mRNA
Amino acid sequence
Measurable+observable characteristics
Why may it be difficult to sometimes decide which species an organism belongs to
Can’t always observe reproductive behaviour as
They are extinct
Produce asexually
Ethical issues
Why does comparing the base sequence of a gene provide more info than amino acid sequence
Longer base sequence than amino acid sequence
Introns
Dna code degenerate
Species diversity
Number of species in a community
Give 2 reasons why the grassy strips increase the biodiversity of animals
Increase in plant diversity leads to more types of food for animals
Increase in variety of animals leads to increase in predator species
Increase in habitat and niches
Scientists decided to collect animals from the soil samples for 40minutes
Suggest how they decided 40mins best time
Repeat soil sorting for different times and record hoe many species present
Then find optimum
Time
How to identify which species belonged to which
Use a key
Suggest and explain 2 ways in which scientists could improve method used for days collection
Count number of individuals of each species to calculate index of diversity
Collect from more sites/years to increase the accuracy
Suggest and explain one advantage and one disadvantage to a farmer of replanting hedges
Advantage
Greater biodiversity so increase in predators of pests
Disadvantage
Greater biodiversity so Increase in pest population
Define non coding base sequences
And where they are positioned
Dna that does not code for protein
Positioned between genes
Give 2 ways other than comparing base sequence of DNA/mRNA to measure genetic diversity
Compare observable characteristics
Compare amino acid sequence
