biodiversity Flashcards
how many in a given area
density
how spread out
distribution
the number of females of reproduction age and the number of females reaching reproduction age
age structure
3 types of distribution
clumped- unequal, distribution of resources, poor seed dispersal mechanism. *animal- pack hunting, safety
even, not thought to exist in nature
random
one or more resource is rare, territoralism especially in solitary animals
uniform
growth of population
birth
immigration
death
irrigation
each individual contribution to population growth
per capita growth
the maximum number offspring a female can produce over her lifetime in optimal conditions
biotic potential
the number of organism in a population that the environment has the resources to support. (not constant)
carrying capacity (K)
things that limit population growth
factors
as population size increase, either birthrates decreases or death rate increases.
competition
diseases
predation
density dependent
no correlation between population size and birth/death rates (natural disaster)
density independent
rapid constant growth rate never reach (k) carrying. selection favors maximal growth rate in an uncrowded environment
exponential growth
a period of exponential growth but as the population reaches K growth rate slows dramatically, population size fluctuates at K
logistic growth
small size, many offsprings, little parental investment
R-selected
large bodied, few offsprings, great parental investment
K-selected org.
harvesting wild populations “magic number” of org. can be harvested such that the number can be regenerated in one season. incomplete number doesn’t include all the variables
sustainable yield
levels of ecology includes living and non-living factors?
ecosystem
At what latitude are you most likely to see hot deserts?
30 N/S
two latitudes are more likely to have big trees?
0 and 60 N/S
region or regions does the prevailing wind flow from East to West?
The Tropics and the Polar Regions only
two latitudes have the least precipitation?
30 N/S and 90 N/S
two latitudes do you see warm humid air rising?
0 N/S and 60 N/S
topography, what is a rain shadow?
The side of the mountain that does not get rain
In the temperate region, the topmost, warm layer of the ocean travels…
W to E
It is situated north of an arrangement of islands that pushes slow moving air across a warm shallow sea and up onto the mainland.
The Southeastern United States is not a hot desert primarily because…
In Tropical Seasons, winter is described as…
dry
What can producers do that consumers can’t do?
Convert solar energy to chemical energy.
organisms are responsible for converting dead organic material back into an inorganic form that plants can use?
decomposers
two most limiting factors of plant growth?
Nitrogen and phosphorus
biogeochemical cycles includes an atmospheric reservoir that is largely unavailable to nutrient cycling?
nitrogen
How do animals release nitrogen back to the ecosystem?
They excrete it in urine.
What happens to the carbon dioxide that is dissolved into the ocean?
It is assimilated into the shells of mollusks as calcium carbonate.
When an excessive amount of nutrients get into a slow moving waterway, a chain reaction of events occurs that will eventually kill the entire system. What is this called?
eutrophication
genotype and phenotype
The genotype interacts indirectly with the environment through the phenotype.
What happens when atmospheric Carbon Dioxide levels rise?
Oceanic levels of Bicarbonate rise, and the coral reefs show decline.
Areas that get “medium” amounts of rainfall support what type of ecosystem?
Grasslands with maybe some small trees.
