biodiversity

Question 1

BIODIVERSITY?

Answer 1

the variety of living organisms in an area

Question 2

species?

Answer 2

a group of similar organisms able to reproduce to give fertile offspring

Question 3

habitat?

Answer 3

the area inhibited by a species

Question 4

habitat diversity?

Answer 4

number of different habitats in an area

Question 5

species diversity?

Answer 5

number of different species

Question 6

what sampling do you use for crawling ground insects?

Answer 6

pitfall trap- small pit that insects don’t get out or a poster= device that allows you to suck small insects

Question 7

what sampling do you use for small organisms that live in soil or leaf litter?

Answer 7

tullgren funnel=soil or leaf litter sample is put on a mesh filter at the top of the funnel and a light is shone down into it organisms move away from the heat created by the light and fall out of the funnel and into collecting beaker

Question 8

what sampling do you use for aquatic organisms?

Answer 8

kick sampling=gently kick the bottom of a stream then use a net to collect the organisms that have been disturbed

Question 9

what sampling do you use for organisms living on grass?

Answer 9

sweep net

Question 10

how do you avoid bias in sampling?

Answer 10

the sample should be random

Question 11

non random sampling: systematic?

Answer 11

sample is taken at fixed intervals often along a line

Question 12

non random sampling: opportunistic?

Answer 12

samples are chosen by the investigator =used because it is simple to carry out=data will be biased tho

Question 13

non random sampling: stratified?

Answer 13

when different areas in a habitat are identified and sampled separately in a proportion to their part of the habitat as a whole

Question 14

species richness?

Answer 14

number of different species in an area= high the number pf species the greater the specie richness

Question 15

species evenness?

Answer 15

measure of relative abudunce of each species in an area

Question 16

what happens when population has low genetic diversity?

Answer 16

might not able to adapt to a change in environment and the whole population could be wiped out by a single event

Question 17

where could genetic diversity be low?

Answer 17

isolated population such as those bred in captivity =zoos

Question 18

factor affecting biodiversity: human population growth?

Answer 18

destroying habitats = there is deforestation in the amazons to make way for the the agriculture = decreases habititat diversity

pollution=high amount of pollutants can destroy habitats+kill species=high levels of fertilisers flowing into river can lead to a decrease in fish species in that river=decreases biodiversity

Question 19

factor affecting biodiversity: climate change

Answer 19

species might be forced to migrate to a more suitable area causing a change in specie distribution
migration usually decrease biodiversity in areas the species migrate from and increase biodiversity in the areas they migrate to

Question 20

importance of biodiversity?= protect species = ecological reasons

Answer 20

disruptions of food chains

disruption of nutrients cycles=

Question 21

importance of biodiversity?= to maintain genetic resources?

Answer 21

food and drink= plants and animals are the source of almost all food an some things
clothing = a lot of fibres and fabrics are made from plants and animals
drugs= many are made from plants compounds

Question 22

importance of biodiversity? economic reasons?

Answer 22

to reduce soil depletion= monoculture is growing a single variety of a single crop
continuous monoculture involves planting the same crop in the same filed without interruption
continuous monoculture causes soil depletion because nutrients required by the crop are gradually used up
the economic cost of soil depletion include increases spending on fertilisers and decreased yields

Question 23

importance of biodiversity? aesthetic reasons?

Answer 23

areas rich in biodiversity provide pleasant and attractive landscape and people can enjoy it. by maintaining biodiversity we protect these beautiful landscape
more biodiversity=more visitors the area is likely to attract= economic advantages

Question 24

in situ conservation?

Answer 24

means on site conservation

involves protecting species in their natural habitiat

Question 25

why is conversion important?

Answer 25

ensure survival of endangered species which are at risk of extinction because of low population
or threatened habitats

Question 26

methods of in situ conservation?

Answer 26

establishing protected areas such as national part and wildlife reserves - habitats and species are protected in these areas by restricting urban development , industrial development, farming

controlling or preventing the introduction of species that threaten local biodiversity

Question 27

methods of in situ conservation? advantage?

Answer 27

both species and their habitats are conserved. larger populations can be protected and its less disruptive than removing organisms from their habitats

Question 28

ex situ conservation?

Answer 28

of site conservation=involves protecting a species by removing part of the population from a threatened habitat and placing them in a new location

Question 29

ex situ conservation? methods?

Answer 29

relocating organisms to a safer area
breeding organisms captivity then reintroducing them to there wild when they are strong enough
seed banks = seeds can be frozen and stored in seed banks for over a century without losing their fertility

Question 30

ex situ conservation? advantages

Answer 30

it can be used to protect individual animals in a controlled environment -thinks like huntings

Question 31

ex situ conservation? disadvantage

Answer 31

usually a small number pf individuals can be cared for

it can be difficult and may be less likely to exhibit natural behaviour and may be more likely to catch a disease

Question 32

rio convention on biological diversity

Answer 32

aims to develop international strategies on the conservation of biodiversity and how to use animal and plants in a resource way
the convention made it part of international law that conserving biodiversity is everyones responsibility
provides guidance

Question 33

CITES agreement?

Answer 33

is a agreement designed to increase international cooperation in regulating trade in wild animals and plant species
the member countries all agreed to make it illegal to kill endangered species
the agreement helps to conserve species by limiting the trade through licensing and by making it illegal to trade in products made from endangered animals
designed to raise awareness of threats to biodiversity through education