Biocompatibility Flashcards
What is biocompatibility?
Synthetic or natural origin substances which can be used to treat/ augment or replace a tissue/ organ or function of the body.
Examples of biocompatibility?
hip joints, artificial hearts, amalgams, casting alloys and implants.
Foreign body reaction explanation?
Foreign item in living tissue can initiate a immune system response. Inflammation and repair = some of the processes.
Three important factors in biocompatibility:
- Interaction between host (the patient)
- Material
- Function of material
What affects biocompatibilty?
- Time - body’s response to the material may change over time- due to ageing, disease.
- Material changes - erosion or fatigue
- ## local factors e.g. loading from occlusion or diet.
Relevancy in dentistry?
safety of patients in relation to dental materials, could cause legal liability issues.
Potential biological effects?
- Toxic reactions- Cancer, allergy.
- toxic reactions are dose dependent (could be a one time large dose or repeated smaller doses)- most of the effect depends on the nature of the products dissolved.
- Dental materials are largely insoluble so unlikely to cause toxic reaction from a 1 time dose.
Allergens in dental materials.
Eugenol
Mercury
Nickel
Chromium
Cobalt
Components of resin-based materials
Formaldehyde (allergic and toxic effects)
Methyl methacrylate
Patient Safety
Hyper sensitivity
- Nickel
- Methacrylates
- Resin based materials
- Latex
Dental staff safety - Chronic exposure
- Amalgam
- Casting Alloys
- Resin materials
- Latex
Dental staff safety- Cumulative irritation allergic response
continued exposure to dental materials could cause cumulative irritation.
Grinding Lab materials- dental staff
- Acrylic resin
- Metals
- Gypsum
Particle inhalation - dental staff
Dental techs - risk of inhalation from resin, metals and gypsum
Intra-oral reactions
- Lichen Planus
- Swelling, tenderness and/or reddening
- Burning sensation
- Taste change
- Ulceration or blisters
Hand etc. reactions
- Dermatitis/ eczema or urticaria
Hand etc. reactions
- Dermatitis/ eczema or urticaria
- Itching, dry, cracked skin
- Swelling, tenderness and/or reddening
- Ulceration, blisters or vesicles
Face / lip reactions
- Dermatitis/ eczema or urticaria
- Burning sensation and or tingling
- Swelling, tenderness and/or reddening
- Ulceration, blisters or vesicles
General Reactions
- Breathing issues, wheezing, asthma
- Runny / irritated eyes or nose
- Coughing Sneezing and/or sore throat
- Headache, nausea, dizziness
Human consideration factors for material exposure:
- Age
- Sex
- Foetal exposure
- Allergy potential
- Diet
- Pre- existing disease
- Nutritional status
Local consideration factors for material exposure:
- Quantity
- Route
- Length of exposure
- Accumulation in tissue
- Excretion characteristics
Corrosion definition:
- Chemical or electrochemical reaction with the env = dissolution or formation of chemical compounds
Dental Corrosion
different metals are used for restorations when can interact w/ the env and be corroded.
- Casting alloys = up to 25 elements in PT and almost all can corrode or leach into OE.
- Result can be Toxic, Mutagenic or Allergic.
Mercury - Dentist exposure methods:
- Incorrect Storage
- Amalgam prep
- Amalgam placement
- Amalgam removal
- Amalgam polishing
3 Biocompatibility Tests:
In vitro Test
Animal Test
Usage Test
