Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Skills A > Biocompatibility > Flashcards

Biocompatibility Flashcards

1
Q

What is biocompatibility?

A

Synthetic or natural origin substances which can be used to treat/ augment or replace a tissue/ organ or function of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples of biocompatibility?

A

hip joints, artificial hearts, amalgams, casting alloys and implants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Foreign body reaction explanation?

A

Foreign item in living tissue can initiate a immune system response. Inflammation and repair = some of the processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Three important factors in biocompatibility:

A
  • Interaction between host (the patient)
  • Material
  • Function of material
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What affects biocompatibilty?

A
  • Time - body’s response to the material may change over time- due to ageing, disease.
  • Material changes - erosion or fatigue
  • ## local factors e.g. loading from occlusion or diet.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Relevancy in dentistry?

A

safety of patients in relation to dental materials, could cause legal liability issues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Potential biological effects?

A
  • Toxic reactions- Cancer, allergy.
  • toxic reactions are dose dependent (could be a one time large dose or repeated smaller doses)- most of the effect depends on the nature of the products dissolved.
  • Dental materials are largely insoluble so unlikely to cause toxic reaction from a 1 time dose.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Allergens in dental materials.

A

Eugenol
Mercury
Nickel
Chromium
Cobalt
Components of resin-based materials
Formaldehyde (allergic and toxic effects)
Methyl methacrylate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Patient Safety

A

Hyper sensitivity
- Nickel
- Methacrylates
- Resin based materials
- Latex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Dental staff safety - Chronic exposure

A
  • Amalgam
  • Casting Alloys
  • Resin materials
  • Latex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Dental staff safety- Cumulative irritation allergic response

A

continued exposure to dental materials could cause cumulative irritation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Grinding Lab materials- dental staff

A
  • Acrylic resin
  • Metals
  • Gypsum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Particle inhalation - dental staff

A

Dental techs - risk of inhalation from resin, metals and gypsum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Intra-oral reactions

A
  • Lichen Planus
  • Swelling, tenderness and/or reddening
  • Burning sensation
  • Taste change
  • Ulceration or blisters
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hand etc. reactions

A
  • Dermatitis/ eczema or urticaria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hand etc. reactions

A
  • Dermatitis/ eczema or urticaria
  • Itching, dry, cracked skin
  • Swelling, tenderness and/or reddening
  • Ulceration, blisters or vesicles
17
Q

Face / lip reactions

A
  • Dermatitis/ eczema or urticaria
  • Burning sensation and or tingling
  • Swelling, tenderness and/or reddening
  • Ulceration, blisters or vesicles
18
Q

General Reactions

A
  • Breathing issues, wheezing, asthma
  • Runny / irritated eyes or nose
  • Coughing Sneezing and/or sore throat
  • Headache, nausea, dizziness
19
Q

Human consideration factors for material exposure:

A
  • Age
  • Sex
  • Foetal exposure
  • Allergy potential
  • Diet
  • Pre- existing disease
  • Nutritional status
20
Q

Local consideration factors for material exposure:

A
  • Quantity
  • Route
  • Length of exposure
  • Accumulation in tissue
  • Excretion characteristics
21
Q

Corrosion definition:

A
  • Chemical or electrochemical reaction with the env = dissolution or formation of chemical compounds
22
Q

Dental Corrosion

A

different metals are used for restorations when can interact w/ the env and be corroded.
- Casting alloys = up to 25 elements in PT and almost all can corrode or leach into OE.
- Result can be Toxic, Mutagenic or Allergic.

23
Q

Mercury - Dentist exposure methods:

A
  • Incorrect Storage
  • Amalgam prep
  • Amalgam placement
  • Amalgam removal
  • Amalgam polishing
24
Q

3 Biocompatibility Tests:

A

In vitro Test
Animal Test
Usage Test

25
Q

In vitro Tests

A

in vitro = in petri dish ie. outside of living tissue
Could be in mammalian cells, organelles, tissues, bacteria or enzymes.
Can be direct or indirect.

26
Q

In vitro Advantages and disadvantages

A

+ve
Controllable
Isolatable
Repeatable
Fast
Relatively inexpensive
Relatively simple

-Ve
May provide misleading results

27
Q

Usage Tests

A
  • Place test material into an intact living organism usually mice
  • Exposure without regard to final use.
  • The placement in relation to clinical practise.

Clinical Skills A (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions