Biocompatability

Question 1

Neutrophils (PMN)

Answer 1

1. Non-specific inflammation
2. Phagocytosis
   - Find foreign material/bacteria by chemotaxis
   - invagination of the neutrophil occurs, particle is drawn in, secondary lysosome is formed
   - primary lysosomal enzymes merge and attack particle
   - material is absorbed or degraded

Question 2

Eosinophils

Answer 2

1. Leukocytes
2. Phaocytize antigen-antibody complexes
3. Indicate presence of humoral immunological response

Question 3

Monocytes and Macrophages

Answer 3

1. Chemotactically attracted to tissues by dying neutrophils.
2. Greater phagocytic ability than neutrophils
3. Capable of releasing lysosomal enzymes
4. Release CYTOKINES (biochemical mediators of healing)

Question 4

Lymphocytes

Answer 4

Leukocytes that are involved in immune reactions.
Their presence (w/o plasma cells) is indicitave of a cell-mediated immunological response.

Question 5

Plasma Cells

Answer 5

Lyphocytes involved in antibody production

Indicitave of chronic inflammation of a humoral immunological response

Question 6

Foreign-body Giant Cells

Answer 6

Hallmark of chronic inflammation

Capable of phagocytosis and release lysosomal enzymes on the surface of a biomaterial

Question 7

What tissues and events are found w/ chronic inflammation and wound healing? (4)

Answer 7

1. Granulation tissue
2. Fibrous Capsule
3. Foreign Body Reaction
4. Granuloma

Question 8

What types of resolution are there?

Answer 8

1. Extrusion
2. Resorption
3. Integration
4. Encapsulation

Question 9

Define Neoplasm

Answer 9

Tissue mass arising from an abnormal, uncoordinated proliferation of cells

Question 10

Primary neoplasm

Answer 10

Locally arising neoplasm

Question 11

How can biomaterials be carcinogenic? (3)

Answer 11

1. Alterations of metabolic processes
2. Alterations of replication processes
3. Mutagenesis

Question 12

Classifications of chemical carcinogens (3)

Answer 12

1. Complete Carcinogen
2. Procarcinogen
3. Cocarcinogen

Question 13

Hapten

Answer 13

A substance which is too small to be immunogenic by itself, but which may react w/ a cell or protein to provoke an immune response

Question 14

Epitope

Answer 14

An antigenic site

Question 15

What makes a substance immunogenic?

Answer 15

Size - Molecular wieght > 5-10k g/mol

*smaller substances may be immunogenic if they are haptens

Question 16

What immune response is to synthetic biomaterials?

Answer 16

Cell-Mediated Immunity - accumulation of T-lymphocytes and macrophages in response to an antigen