biochime Flashcards
What is the definition of autocrine signaling?
Autocrine signaling is a mode of hormone action where a cell secretes a hormone or chemical messenger that binds to receptors on its own surface.
True or False: Paracrine signaling involves signaling between cells in close proximity.
True
Fill in the blank: In endocrine signaling, hormones are released into the _____ system to reach distant target organs.
blood
What is a key characteristic of neuroendocrine signaling?
Neuroendocrine signaling involves the release of hormones from neurons into the bloodstream.
Which type of signaling is characterized by a cell affecting itself?
Autocrine signaling
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of paracrine signaling? A) Local action B) Long-distance action C) Short-range signaling
B) Long-distance action
What is the primary difference between endocrine and paracrine signaling?
Endocrine signaling involves hormones traveling through the bloodstream to distant organs, while paracrine signaling acts on nearby cells.
True or False: Neuroendocrine cells can be found in the brain.
True
What type of cells typically utilize autocrine signaling?
Cells that produce growth factors and cytokines.
Fill in the blank: The _____ system is primarily responsible for endocrine signaling.
endocrine
Multiple choice: Which of the following is an example of a paracrine signal? A) Insulin B) Histamine C) Testosterone
B) Histamine
What is one example of a hormone involved in endocrine signaling?
Insulin
True or False: Autocrine signaling can lead to a feedback loop.
True
What type of signaling is often involved in immune responses?
Paracrine signaling
Fill in the blank: Neuroendocrine signaling is a combination of _____ and endocrine signaling.
neural
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a feature of endocrine signaling? A) Rapid response B) Long-lasting effects C) Localized action
B) Long-lasting effects
What role do receptors play in autocrine and paracrine signaling?
Receptors on target cells bind to the signaling molecules to initiate a response.
True or False: Hormones in endocrine signaling can only act on cells with specific receptors.
True
What is the main purpose of paracrine signaling?
To regulate nearby cells and coordinate local tissue responses.
Fill in the blank: _____ signaling is essential for communication between the nervous system and the endocrine system.
Neuroendocrine
Multiple choice: Which type of signaling is often involved in growth and differentiation? A) Autocrine B) Endocrine C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
What is a common example of an autocrine signal in the immune system?
Cytokines
True or False: Endocrine signals usually have a fast effect on target cells.
False
What is a key feature of neuroendocrine signaling compared to other types?
It integrates neural and hormonal signals.
