Biochemistry Part 2. Flashcards
Catabolic Reactions:
Destroys the reactants substances into molecular rubble .
Anabolic Reactions :
Reassembles that rubble into new and bigger products.
Anabolism :
Anabolic reactions construct things and consume energy .
Catabolism :
Break down molecules and release energy .
Nutrients:
The molecules that your body is forever breaking up and then rebuilding , only to have them break apart again.
Biochemistry :
Studying the chemical aspects of life.
Matter :
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Atomic Number:
The number of protons in the nucleus .
Atomic Mass:
The number of protons and neutrons combined .
The farther an orbital extends from the nucleus , the _______ its energy level.
Higher
Neutral Solutions :
pH of 7 (such as water )
Acidic Solutions :
pH lower than 7
Base Solutions :
pH higher than 7
Triglycerides :
Are Lipid molecules formed by a glycerol unit or “head” joined to three fatty acid “tails “
- Triglycerides are useful in storing energy in cells for later use.
Phospholipids :
A lipid containing a phosphate in its molecule .
-Because the tails repel water , phospholipids molecules often arrange themselves so that their tails face away from water.
Triglyceride Structure :
Each triglyceride is composed of three fatty acid units attached to a glycerol unit.
Glycogen :
A substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates.
Protein Molecules :
Are large complex molecules formed by one or more twisted and folded strands of amino acids.
Amino Acids :
A simple organic compound containing a carboxyl and an amino group.
Peptide Bonds:
A chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other. Releasing a molecule of water ( H2O )
Double Helix :
Nucleotides that are arranged in a twisted, double strand.
Structural Proteins :
Proteins that are generally fibrous and stringy .
Functional Proteins :
Biological activity proteins.
Enzymes:
A substance produced by a living organism which acts as a catalyst that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that take place within cells
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) :
Energy carrying molecule found in the cells of all living things .
Adenosine Diphosphate ( ADP ) :
An important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells.
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) :
A self replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) :
A nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA .
