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CLASP Cancer-1st Year > Biochemistry of Neoplasia > Flashcards

Biochemistry of Neoplasia Flashcards

1
Q

why would PSA marker levels be raised?

A

prostate cancer or benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)

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2
Q

raised CK & AST shows..

A

damage to muscle tissue

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3
Q

raised ALT/AST/ Alk Phos/GGT shows…

A

damage in liver

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4
Q

raised troponin, CK, AST, LDH shows…

A

cardiac damage or risk of CVD

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5
Q

AST/LDH shows…

A

haematological damage

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6
Q

amylase/lipase shows…

A

pancreatic damage (usually pancreatitis)

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7
Q

alk phos may show liver damage or…

A

bone damage

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8
Q

what combination of 2 markers indicated liver cancer?

A

GGT & Alk Phos

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9
Q

what are 2 mechanisms of fluid accumulation?

A

Ascites & Pleural Effusion

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10
Q

what is a biochemistry indicator of ascites due to portal HT?

A

a wide serum-ascites gradient

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11
Q

what 2 things tend to cause an exudative pleural effusion (ie. high protein content)?

A

inflammation (inflammatory cells shed protein) or malignant cause

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12
Q

systemic cause point to a ____ pleural effusion

A

transudative (less protein)

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13
Q

what is the normal Ca range?

A

2.10-2.55

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14
Q

what does Parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?

A

controls levels of Ca in blood by releasing Ca via bone reabsorption fundamentally inc Ca

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15
Q

so if PTH is high and Ca is high what does this suggest?

A

this is not a normal reaction as Ca is high so would expect PTH to be low so PTH is faulty

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16
Q

is Ca is high and PTH is low then..

A

this is an appropriate response so what is inc the levels of Ca in blood? usually PTHrP (antagonist of PTH)

17
Q

what does the presence of PTHrP suggest?

A

malignancy present

18
Q

what are tumour markers used for?

A

diagnosis, monitor success of Tx, prognosis/ recurrence

19
Q

what is AFP a tumour marker of?

A

germ cell carcinoma

20
Q

what is HCG a tumour marker for?

A

germ cell and chondriocarcinoma

21
Q

what is CA125 a tumour marker for?

A

ovarian cancer

22
Q

what is CEA a tumour marker for?

A

colorectal cancer

23
Q

what is unique about the calcitonin tumour marker?

A

it is 100% sensitive

24
Q

what does calcitonin mark for?

A

medullary carcinoma of thyroid

25
Q

what is a hormonal marker that indicated lung cancer?

A

ACTH

26
Q

name 2 paraneoplastic syndromes and what cancers they can precede?

A

Cushing’s: SSLC, bronchial, carcinoid

Lambert-Eaton: SSLC, lymphoma

CLASP Cancer-1st Year (8 decks)

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