Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IHO Week 6 (Final) > Biochemistry of Coagulation - Goueli > Flashcards

Biochemistry of Coagulation - Goueli Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hemostasis?

A

Physiological blood clotting in response to injury or vascular leak (keeping blood where it belongs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Thrombosis?

A

Pathologic blood clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Hemorrhage?

A

Pathologic bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is involved in Hemostasis?

A

The process of coagulation and subsequent dissolution of clot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the process of clot degradation?

A

Fibrinolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a Primary Hemostasis?

A

Platelets become activated and aggregate at the site of injury, forming a temporary, loose platelet plug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a normal platelet count?

A

150,000 - 450,000 platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are patients at risk for with

A

Increased risk of spontaneous hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are patients more at risk for with risk of spontaneous hemorrhage?

A

Intracranial hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are patients at risk for with

A

Increased difficulty clotting if already bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the pathogenic issue in vonWillebrand’s disease?

A

Complex multimeric glycoprotein produced by and stored in the alpha granules of platelets; synthesized by megakaryocytes and found in subendothelial connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Bernard Soulier Syndrome?

A

Glycoprotein 1B deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is TTP (Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura)?

A

Characterized by profound thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (red blood cell fragmentation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the major cause of TTP?

A

Deficiency in ADAMTS13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is ADAMTS13?

A

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin Type 1 motif 13

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What happens with ADAMTS13 is absent?

A

Persistence of conglomerates which causes platelet aggregation when the protein is subjected to high shear stress (due to lack of cleavage of high molecular weight vonWillebrand’s protein)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 5 clinical features of TTP?

A 
Thrombocytopenia
Red Cell Fragmentation
Fever
Transient Neurologic Deficits
Kidney Failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment of TTP?

A

Plasmaphoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Why is TTP considered a medical emergency?

A

Myocardial Infarction from platelet thrombi in coronary arteries causing death

20
Q

What is ADP?

A

A potent platelet activate from alpha granules

21
Q

What is the deficiency associated with Glanzmann thrombasthenia?

A

Defect in GPIIb protein

22
Q

What does the GPIIb-GPIIIa receptor for vWF and fibrinogen do?

A

Allows for fibrinogen-induced platelet aggregation

23
Q

What are the two pathways that lead to the formation of a fibrin clot?

A

Intrinsic and Extrinsic pathways

24
Q

Where are clotting factors produced?

A

Liver

25
Q

Where is the extrinsic pathway initiated and what initiates it?

A

Site of injury by Tissue Factor

26
Q

What cascade process is Tissue Factor used in?

A

A cofactor in the factor VIIa-catalyzed activation of factor X

27
Q

What is Tissue Factor?

A

An integral membrane protein that is expressed on the surface of activated monocytes and endothelial cells exposed to various cytokines

28
Q

What factors are required in the extrinsic pathway?

A

Tissue Factor

Factor VII

29
Q

What factors are required in the intrinsic pathway?

A

VIII, IX, X, XI, and XII

30
Q

When activated platelets present Phosphatidylserine and Phosphatidylinositol on their surfaces, what is then able to bind?

A

Tenase Complex of Calcium, Factor VIIIa, IXa, and X for the activation of Factor X to Xa

31
Q

What is the role of Factor Xa in the Common Pathway?

A

Converts Prothrombin (Factor II) to Thrombin (Factor IIa)

32
Q

What is the role of Thrombin in the Common Pathway?

A

Converts Fibrinogen to Fibrin

33
Q

What does Thrombin (Factor IIa) activate?

A

Factor XII, VIII, V, VIII, VII

34
Q

If antithrombin III is deficient, what does this lead to?

A

Emphysema and Liver Dysfunction

35
Q

What is the most important thrombin inhibitor that inhibits IXa, Xa, XIa, and XIIa, plasmin, and kallikrein?

A

Antithrombin III

36
Q

How is the activity of Antithrombin III potentiated?

A

Heparin has an altered conformation which binds thrombin more readily

37
Q

How does Warfarin (Coumadin) work?

A

Acts by blocking the vitamin K reductase enzymes used to regenerate active vitamin K, which results in reduced gamma-carboxylation of II, VII, IX, and X.

38
Q

What else do Warfarin (Coumadin) block?

A

The activity of S and C (the coagulation breaks) which is the primary reason one needs to bridge the gap with Heparin

39
Q

Where does high molecular weight heparin bind?

A

Plasma Proteins and Cell Surfaces, as well as Antithrombin III

40
Q

If you have an elevated actiated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), then what pathway is the factor deficiency in?

A

Intrinsic Pathway with factors XIII and XI

41
Q

If you have an elevated international normalized ratio (INR), then what pathway is the factor deficiency in?

A

Extrinsic Pathway with factor IIV

42
Q

What is thrombocytopenia?

A

Platelet count

43
Q

What test is prolonged in Vitamin K deficiency?

A

PT (Prothrombin Time)

44
Q

What are the indicated tests for DIC?

A 
Prolonged PT
Prolonged PTT
Low Fibrinogen Level
INCREASED D-Dimer
Prolonged Bleeding Time
Decreased Platelet Count
Fragmented RBCs
45
Q

What test is prolonged in PTT?

A

Prolonged Bleeding Time
VERY Low Platelet Count
Fragmented RBCs

IHO Week 6 (Final) (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions