Biochemistry of Carbohydrates Flashcards
what do carbs exclusively contain
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
what is a monosaccharaide and what is the most common one
the basic unit of carbohydrates and are monomers. most common one is glucose
what are other monosaccharaides you need to be aware of
fructose and galactose
disaccarides are formed as a result of a ..
condensation reaction between two monosaccharides during which a molecule of water is removed
disaccharides are ..
dimers
(disaccarides) condensation of glucose forms…
maltose, a 1,4 glycosidic bond
the condensation reaction of glucose is said to be..
reversible, the reverse reaction is called hydrolysis
what are polysaccharides
they are long chains of monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds, they are polymers
what is starch
is a plant storage polysaccharide
what is starch made up of
amylose and amylopectin
what is amylose
it is a straight chain of glucose molecules bonded together. it then coils up to form a helix
what is amylopectin
is a branched chain of glucose molecules
why can amylopectin be broken down quicker than amylose
because it has more ends to release glucose for energy
what is glycogen
animal storage polysaccharide
how is glycogen structured (basic)
has a similar structure to amylopectin, it is a branched chain of glucose molecules bonded together
glycogen structure (depth)
branching is more frequent with 1,6 glycosidic branches coming off the main chain every four glucose molecules
glycogen is found most commonly in
liver and muscle cells as it can be quickly broken down to release energy
test for starch
add iodine to a sample. a colour change from brown to blue black indicates the presence of starch
test for reducing sugars
add Benedicts regeant to a sample and heat. a colour change from blue to brick red indicates the presence of a reducing sugar
test for non-reducing sugars after an initial negative result
heat with dilute acid, neutralising and then heating with benedicts regeant. an initial negative result followed by a positive result (brick red colour) indicates the presence of a non reducing sugar
