Biochemistry Molecular (34-45)

Question 1

Lesch - Nyhan is due to absence of what enzyme

mnemonic

Answer 1

HGPRT:
Hyperuricemia
Gout
Pissed off (aggression, self - mutilation)
Retardation (intellectual disability)
DysTonia

Question 2

Purine and Pyrimidine synthesis:
What drug(s) inhibits ribonucleotide reductase

Answer 2

Hydroxyurea

Question 3

What gives histones a +ve charge

Answer 3

Lysine and Arginine

Question 4

What gives DNA a -ve charge

Answer 4

Phosphate groups

Question 5

NucleoTide consists of

Answer 5

base + (deoxy)ribose + phosphaTe; 3’ - 5’ Phosphodiester bond

Question 6

Effect of methylation on DNA

Answer 6

CpG Methylation Makes DNA MUTE

Question 7

NucleoSide consists of

Answer 7

base + (deoxy)ribose (Sugar)

Question 8

Effect of methylation on Histones

Answer 8

Histone Methylation MOSTLY Makes DNA MUTE

Question 9

Purine synthesis:
What drug(s) inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase

Answer 9

Mycophenolate and ribavirin

Question 10

Purine synthesis:
What drug(s) inhibits de novo purine synthesis

Answer 10

6 - Mercaptopurine and its pro drug azathioprine

Question 11

Pyrimidine synthesis: 
What drug(s) inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

Answer 11

Leflunomide

Question 12

Amino acids necessary for purine synthesis

Answer 12

Glycine, Aspartate, Glutamine; Cats purr (purine) until they GAG

Question 13

Effect of acetylation on Histones

Answer 13

Histone Acetylation makes DNA ACTIVE

Question 14

Pyrimidine synthesis: 
What drug(s) inhibits thymidylate synthase

Answer 14

5 - Fluorouracil and its pro drug capecitabine

Question 15

Pyrimidine synthesis: 
What drug(s) inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
What does this result in a decrease in

Answer 15

Methotrexate, trimethoprim, and pyrimethamine;

Decreased (deoxythymidine monophosphate - dTMP)

Question 16

When does DNA and histone synthesis occur

Answer 16

S phase