Biochemistry Midterm

Question 1

Oxygen is one
of the elements
present in a
biomolecule. True or False?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

One of the major
precursors in the
formation of
biomolecules are water
and carbon disulfide True or False and why?

Answer 2

FALSE,
“carbon disulfide” =
Carbon Dioxide

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE
Condensation is the
process of forming
macromolecules
through covalent
bonding.

Answer 3

FALSE,
Polymerization

Question 4

TRUE OR FALSE
Supramolecular
complexes are
stabilized by
non-covalent interaction.

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

TRUE OR FALSE
Eukaryotic cell
contains no
well-defined
nucleus.

Answer 5

FALSE,
“Eukaryotic” = Prokaryotic

Question 6

TRUE OR FALSE
Prokaryotes refer
to animals and
plants.

Answer 6

Eukaryotes

Question 7

TRUE OR FALSE
Cell is the basic unit of
life because it is where
most chemical reactions
needed to sustain life
are taking place.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

TRUE OR FALSE
Dehydration is a
condition experienced
by humans if the loss of
water in the body is
more than the intake.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

What type of
bond is prevalent
in organic
compounds?

Answer 9

Covalent

Question 10

Ethanol, CH3CH2OH, is
an example of a:
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Dihydric alcohol

Answer 10

Primary

Question 11

Which biomolecule
contains amide
group in their
structure?

Answer 11

Proteins

Question 12

Which of the following
is NOT a property of
organic compounds?
High melting point
Low melting poin

Answer 12

High
Melting
point

Question 13

Which atom can
possibly form 2
singles and 1
double bond?

Answer 13

Carbon
or C

Question 14

The function group/s
present in alcohols.
Hydroxyl
Carboxyl
Carbonyl
All of the above

Answer 14

Hydroxyl

Question 15

C-O-C is the functional
group of:
Aldehyde
Ketone
Ester
No correct answer

Answer 15

No correct
answer

Question 16

The following are
non-polar solvents,
EXCEPT:
Water
Chloroform
Acetone

Answer 16

Water

Question 17

Atoms form
chemical bonds
to achieve
______.

Answer 17

Stability

Question 18

Thiols Contain:
Hydroxyl group
Carbonyl group
Carboxyl group
Sulfhydryl group

Answer 18

Sulfhydryl
group

Question 19

Which compound is
saturated?
Ethene
Propane
Ethylene
None

Answer 19

None

Question 20

TRUE OR FALSE
A carbon atom
can form 4 strong
ionic bonds.

Answer 20

FALSE

Question 21

Which molecule
contains a carbon -
carbon double bond?
H2
O2
Cl2

Answer 21

O2

Question 22

What are electrons
found in the outermost
shell which are
involved in chemical
bonding?

Answer 22

Valence
Electron

Question 23

What is the “old
concept” about
organic
chemistry?

Answer 23

Vitalism
theory

Question 24

A German chemist
who was able to
synthesize urea
from ammonium
cyanate

Answer 24

Friedrich
Wöhler

Question 25

How do you call that
property of Carbon atom
in which it can bond
towards itself to form
linear, branched chain
rings?

Answer 25

Catenation

Question 26

An ester with
a plastic
balloon odor.

Answer 26

Ethyl
acetate

Question 27

An acid
found in
vinegar.

Answer 27

Acetic
acid

Question 28

What thiol
compound is
added to LPG in
order to detect its
leakage?

Answer 28

Ethanethiol

Question 29

TRUE OR FALSE
Aerobic oxidation
takes place in the
absence of
oxygen.

Answer 29

False
(presence of
free oxygen)

Question 30

TRUE OR FALSE
Conversion of
lactic acid to
pyruvic acid is a/an
reduction reaction.

Answer 30

FALSE,
“reduction”
= anaerobic

Question 31

TRUE OR FALSE
Oxidation to ferrous
to ferric ion is an
example of an
aerobic oxidation.

Answer 31

FALSE,
“aerobic” =
anaerobic

Question 32

TRUE OR FALSE
Hydrolysis reaction is
the process of breaking
large molecules into
simpler forms.

Answer 32

TRUE

Question 33

MODIFIED TRUE OR
FALSE
Transformation of
glucose into galactose is
a/an condensation
reaction.

Answer 33

False
(“Condensation”=
Tautomerism or
Isomeric
Transformation)

Question 34

What is known
as “wood
alcohol”?

Answer 34

Methanol

Question 35

An atom becomes
stable when its valence
shell is already occupied
with 8 electrons (refers
to what rule).

Answer 35

Octet
rule

Question 36

Attraction formed
when electrons of
non-metals are
shared with one
another.

Answer 36

Covalent
bond

Question 37

Electrostatic attraction
between “ions” formed
when a metal gives off
electrons for a
non-metal.

Answer 37

Ionic
bond

Question 38

Crystalline with
high melting point;
Dissociates into
ions when
dissolved in water

Answer 38

Ionic
Bond

Question 39

Gases, liquids, or
solid with low
melting point;
Mostly pliable,
such as plastics.

Answer 39

Covalent
bond

Question 40

Concentration of
electron density
between the nuclei
is ___________.

Answer 40

Covalent
bond

Question 41

Only living things
can synthesize
organic compounds
with the intervention
of _____.

Answer 41

Vital
force

Question 42

A compound
found in
human urine.

Answer 42

Urea

Question 43

What year did Friedrich
Wohler was able to
synthesize urea, a
compound found in human
urine, in his laboratory
using ammonium cyanate

Answer 43

1828

Question 44

Is ammonium
cyanate an
inorganic or
organic
substance?

Answer 44

Inorganic
Substance

Question 45

Composed of
carbon and few
other elements (H,
O, N, S, P, and
halogens)

Answer 45

Organic
Compounds

Question 46

Composed
entirely of
covalent bonds

Answer 46

Organic
Compounds

Question 47

May be gasses,
liquids, or
solids with low
melting points

Answer 47

Organic
Compounds

Question 48

Mostly insoluble in
water and soluble
in non-polar
solvents

Answer 48

Organic
Compounds

Question 49

When soluble in
water, solutions
do not conduct
electricity

Answer 49

Organic
Compounds

Question 50

Combustible
and produces
carbon (soot)
when burned

Answer 50

Organic
Compounds

Question 51

Chemicals
reactions are
usually very
slow

Answer 51

Organic
Compounds

Question 52

Is the study of organic
compounds, those that
contain carbon, and other
few elements (hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur,
phosphorus, and
halogens)

Answer 52

Organic
Chemistry

Question 53

Composed of
almost all kinds
of elements

Answer 53

Inorganic
Compound

Question 54

Mostly
ionic bonds

Answer 54

Inorganic
Compound

Question 55

Usually solids
with high
melting point

Answer 55

Inorganic
Compound

Question 56

Mostly soluble in
water and
insoluble in
non-polar solvents

Answer 56

Inorganic
Compound

Question 57

Aqueous
solutions
conduct
electricity

Answer 57

Inorganic
Compound

Question 58

Very few are
combustible and
do not form carbon
when burned

Answer 58

Inorganic
Compound

Question 59

Chemical
reactions are
often very fast

Answer 59

Inorganic
Compound

Question 60

Carbon can form
multiple bond
(up to how many
bonds?)

Answer 60

Triple
bond

Question 61

Carbon can
form 4 strong
covalent bonds

Answer 61

Tetravalency

Question 62

A carbon atom in an
organic compound
can be classified
according to its
_______________.

Answer 62

Degree of
substitution

Question 63

Are common and
specific arrangement of
atoms that impart
predictable reactivity
and properties to a
molecule.

Answer 63

Functional
groups

Question 64

Single bonds
from carbon
atoms, C-C

Answer 64

Alkane

Question 65

Contains at least
one
carbon-carbon
double bond C=C

Answer 65

Alkene

Question 66

Contains at
least one
carbon-carbon
triple bond C≡C

Answer 66

Alkyne

Question 67

A special class of
hydrocarbon that
contains a special
type of ring.
(Benzene ring)

Answer 67

Arenes

Question 68

It has generic
formula of R-X
where
X=Halogen

Answer 68

Alkyl
Halides

Question 69

These compounds
contain the hydroxyl
group (-OH) to a
saturated carbon;
generic formula is R-OH

Answer 69

Alcohol

Question 70

These compounds
contain the functional
group sulfhydryl group
(-SH); it has the generic
formula of R-SH

Answer 70

Thiol

Question 71

The only
consumable
alcohol

Answer 71

Ethanol

Question 72

Contains an oxygen
between an alkyl
group or phenyl ring;
It has a general
formula of R-O-R

Answer 72

Ethers

Question 73

The nitrogen is
attached to one
1 organic
compound.

Answer 73

Primary
amine

Question 74

It contains
an amino
group (–NH)

Answer 74

Aminde

Question 75

Used as an
extracting agent
for organic
solvents

Answer 75

Ethyl
methyl
ether

Question 76

Used as a
solvent to
create plastic
and dyes

Answer 76

Diethyl
ether

Question 77

The nitrogen is
attached to one
2 organic
compounds

Answer 77

Secondary
amine

Question 78

The nitrogen is
attached to one
3 organic
compounds

Answer 78

Tertiary
amine

Question 79

TRUE OR FALSE
Most amines are used in
pharmaceuticals,
insecticides, paint
removers, surfactants
and rubber chemicals

Answer 79

TRUE

Question 80

Both of these
has the
carbonyl group
(-C=O)

Answer 80

Aldehydes
and
Ketones

Question 81

Used as an
intermediate for
perfumes and
dye

Answer 81

Acetaldehyde
and
Benzaldehyde

Question 82

Nail polish
remove

Answer 82

Acetone

Question 83

Used as solvent for
lacquers,
adhesives, and
cleaning materials

Answer 83

Ethyl
methyl
ketone

Question 84

Contains
the carboxyl
group

Answer 84

Carboxyl
group

Question 85

Smell of
pineapples

Answer 85

Butyric
acid

Question 86

Contains the
Ester group;
R-COOR

Answer 86

Esters

Question 87

Food
preservative

Answer 87

Benzoic
acid

Question 88

It supports
digestive
health

Answer 88

Ethyl
Butyrate

Question 89

The –OH in the
carboxyl group
is replaced with
a amino group

Answer 89

Amide

Question 90

TRUE OR FALSE
Most amides are
found in proteins
and plastics

Answer 90

True

Question 91

TRUE OR FALSE
Chemists are studying the
incorporation or derivation
of different functional
groups in a drug to ensure
that it is effective

Answer 91

False

Question 92

TRUE OR FALSE
Knowledge of functional
groups is not that
important in research for
drug design.

Answer 92

False

Question 93

Is the study of the
chemical substances
found in living organisms
and the chemical
interactions of these
substances with each
other

Answer 93

Biochemistry

Question 94

Also deals with the
application of the
principles and methods
of chemistry to the fields
of biology and
physiology.

Answer 94

Biochemistry

Question 95

It is concerned with the
physico chemical
processes underlying
digestion, absorption,
circulation, respiration,
metabolism, growth and
reproduction

Answer 95

Biochemistry

Question 96

Processes
occurring under
normal conditions
are physiological
hence the term:

Answer 96

Physiological
Chemistry

Question 97

Those occurring
under abnormal
conditions are
pathological. They
fall under:

Answer 97

Clinical
Chemistry

Question 98

Is a chemical
substance
found within a
living organism

Answer 98

Biochemical
Chemistry

Question 99

Which include
water and
inorganic salt

Answer 99

Bioinorganic
substance

Question 100

Include
carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins,
and nucleic acid

Answer 100

Bioorganic
Subtances

Question 101

Looks into the
relationship of the
molecular structure of
biochemical substances
to their biological
functions.

Answer 101

Structural
Chemistry

Question 102

Studies the totality
of chemical
reactions that
occur in living
organism

Answer 102

Metabolism

Question 103

Seeks to understand the
chemistry of the
processes and
substances that store
and transmit biological
information.

Answer 103

Molecular
Genetics

Question 104

Aims to understand
heredity and the
expression of
genetic information
in molecular terms

Answer 104

Molecular
Genetics

Question 105

Describes the
properties of
bioorganic substances
and their role in living
organisms.

Answer 105

Organic
Chemistry

Question 106

Understand
disease states in
molecular terms for
proper diagnosis
and therapy.

Answer 106

Medicine

Question 107

Understanding
metabolism and dietary
requirements as a key
component in the
maintenance of good
health.

Answer 107

Nutrition

Question 108

The use of single-celled
organisms and viruses
in the elucidation of
many metabolic
pathways and regulatory
mechanisms

Answer 108

Microbiology

Question 109

Understanding
mechanisms that
give a particular cell
or organism its
biochemical identity.

Answer 109

Genetics

Question 110

The use of
organisms or their
parts to
manufacture or
modify products

Answer 110

Biotechnology

Question 111

Investigating life
processes at the
tissue and
organism levels

Answer 111

Physiology

Question 112

Understanding the
biochemical division
of labor within the cell
as well as the different
mechanisms involved.

Answer 112

Cell
Biology

Question 113

These
biomolecules are
classified into 4
major division –

Answer 113

carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins,
and nucleic
acids

Question 114

Living systems are
made up of
specialized organic
compounds known
as ________.

Answer 114

Biomolecule

Question 115

These biomolecules is
the fact that they are
large in size, and
structurally, they
themselves are
composed of ______

Answer 115

Building
blocks

Question 116

Are considered
to be
non-polymeric
biomolecule

Answer 116

Lipids

Question 117

Long chains of
these building
blocks

Answer 117

Polymer

Question 118

Main source of energy
for the body; involved
cell; plays structural
roles in plants and
some animal

Answer 118

Carbohydrates

Question 119

long-term energy
storage of the body;
important component of
the cell membrane;
gives palatability to food

Answer 119

Lipids

Question 120

involves in almost all
physiological processes,
such as catalysis and
transport, and has
structural functions; can
also be a source of energy

Answer 120

Proteins

Question 121

Involved in
heredity;
responsible for the
synthesis of
proteins in the cell

Answer 121

Nucleotide

Question 122

TRUE OR FALSE
Like any organic compounds,
biomolecules are all carbon
compounds. The prevalence of
C is due to its unparalleled
versatility in forming stable
covalent bonds through
electron-pair sharing.

Answer 122

TRUE

Question 123

Atoms commonly found
in covalent linkage to
carbon in biomolecules
are ____, _____,
______, and ______.

Answer 123

Carbon itself,
hydrogen,
oxygen, and
nitrogen

Question 124

TRUE OR FALSE
Hydrogen can form
one covalent bond
by contributing its
single electron.

Answer 124

TRUE

Question 125

TRUE OR FALSE
Oxygen can
participate in three
covalent bonds

Answer 125

False: Oxygen
can participate
in two covalent
bonds, not three

Question 126

TRUE OR FALSE
Nitrogen has three
unshared electrons
and can form three
covalent bonds.

Answer 126

TRUE

Question 127

TRUE OR FALSE
Oxygen has two
unpaired electrons
in its outer shell.

Answer 127

TRUE

Question 128

TRUE OR FALSE
Nitrogen
participates in two
covalent bonds.

Answer 128

False: Nitrogen
participates in
three covalent
bonds, not two.

Question 129

TRUE OR FALSE
Carbon, nitrogen, and
oxygen can share two
electron pairs to form
double bonds with one
another.

Answer 129

TRUE

Question 130

TRUE OR FALSE
The ability to form
double bonds enhances
the chemical versatility
of carbon, nitrogen, and
oxygen.

Answer 130

TRUE

Question 131

TRUE OR FALSE
Carbon and oxygen
can share three
electron pairs to
form triple bonds

Answer 131

False: Carbon and
nitrogen can share three
electron pairs
to form triple bonds, not
carbon and oxygen.

Question 132

TRUE OR FALSE
Nitrogen can form
triple bonds by
sharing three
electron pairs.

Answer 132

TRUE

Question 133

TRUE OR FALSE
Double bonds between
carbon, nitrogen, and
oxygen are common in
biomolecules.

Answer 133

TRUE

Question 143

The biomolecules are built according to a
structural hierarchy:

Answer 143

Simple molecules
are the units for
building complex
structure

Question 143

TRUE OR FALSE
Organelles are
membrane-bound
cellular inclusions
dedicated to important
cellular tasks.

Answer 143

TRUE

Question 143

TRUE OR FALSE
Metabolic processes
assimilate and transform
these inorganic precursors
through ever more
complex levels of
biomolecular order.

Answer 143

TRUE

Question 143

All
biomolecules
start from?

Answer 143

Inorganic
precursors

Question 143

The major precursors
for the formation of
biomolecules are ___,
____, and ____.

Answer 143

Water, carbon dioxide,
and three inorganic
nitrogen compounds —
ammonium(NH4+),
nitrate(NO3-) and
dinitrogen(N2).

Question 144

TRUE OR FALSE
Proteins,
polysaccharides,
polynucleotides, and
lipids are all considered
polymers.

Answer 144

False: Proteins,
polysaccharides, and
polynucleotides are
considered polymers,
but lipids are not.

Question 144

TRUE OR FALSE
Eukaryotic ribosomes
contain four different
RNA molecules and at
least 70 unique proteins.

Answer 144

TRUE

Question 144

TRUE OR FALSE
Precursors are converted
to metabolites, which are
simple organic compounds
involved in cellular energy
transformation

Answer 144

TRUE

Question 145

TRUE OR FALSE
The structural integrity
of supramolecular
assemblies is
maintained by co

Answer 145

False: The structural
integrity of supramolecular
assemblies is maintained
by noncovalent forces, not
covalent bonds.

Question 146

TRUE OR FALSE
Membranes are
classified only as
supramolecular
complexes.

Answer 146

False: Membranes are not
classified only as
supramolecular complexes.
They share properties of both
supramolecular assemblies
and organelles.

Question 147

TRUE OR FALSE
Cells are the smallest
entities capable of
displaying attributes
uniquely associated with
living organisms.

Answer 147

TRUE

Question 148

What are the
two major
divisions of life?

Answer 148

Prokaryotes
and
eukaryotes.

Question 149

How do you
distinguish a
prokaryotic cell
from a eukaryotic
cell?

Answer 149

A prokaryotic cell
has no well-defined
nucleus, whereas a
eukaryotic cell does.

Question 150

What are the
partial charges in
a water molecule
represented as?

Answer 150

The partial positive charge
is represented as δ+ (delta
plus) for hydrogen, and the
partial negative charge is
represented as δ- (delta
minus) for oxygen.

Question 150

What
organisms are
prokaryotes?

Answer 150

Mostly
bacteria.

Question 150

What three
components are
found on the
exterior of a
prokaryotic cell?

Answer 150

A cell wall, an
outer membrane,
and a plasma
membrane

Question 150

Healthy humans
experience intake and
loss of water everyday.
A ____ must be
maintained within the
body.

Answer 150

Water
Balance

Question 150

If the loss of water in
the body
significantly exceeds
the intake, the body

Answer 150

Dehydration

Question 150

What is the term used to
describe the charge
distribution in the O–H
bonds of water due to
the difference in
electronegativity?

Answer 150

Polar
Bonds

Question 150

Which atom in a
water molecule
carries a partial
negative charge?

Answer 150

Oxygen
atom

Question 150

If the loss of water in the
body is significantly less
the intake, the body
experiences ____ (fluid
retention in tissues).

Answer 150

Edema

Question 151

What type of
molecule is formed
due to the
presence of polar
bonds in water?

Answer 151

Polar
molecule

Question 152

Which bond is
mentioned as having a
small electronegativity
difference, resulting in
nonpolar
characteristics?

Answer 152

The C–H
bond in
hydrocarbons

Question 153

TRUE OR FALSE
The oxygen atom in
a water molecule
has a partial positive
charge.

Answer 153

False:
(the oxygen atom
has a partial
negative charge).

Question 154

TRUE OR FALSE
Polar bonds result from
a significant difference
in electronegativity
between bonded atoms.

Answer 154

TRUE

Question 155

TRUE OR FALSE
Water is a nonpolar
molecule due to the
equal distribution of
charges.

Answer 155

False:
(water is a polar
molecule due to the
unequal distribution
of charges).

Question 156

What type of
interaction is a
hydrogen
bond?

Answer 156

A
non-covalent
interaction.

Question 157

Which types of
molecules can serve
as hydrogen
acceptors due to
their oxygen atoms?

Answer 157

Aldehydes,
ketones,
and amides.

Question 158

Which functional
groups can serve
both as hydrogen
acceptors and
donors?

Answer 158

Alcohols,
carboxylic
acids, and
amines.

Question 159

What does the
phenomenon of
life consist of?

Answer 159

A series of
chemical
processes

Question 160

What is the
primary source of
energy liberated
by living matter?

Answer 160

The oxidation of
organic
substances such
as carbohydrates,
fats, and proteins.

Question 161

How does
anaerobic
oxidation differ
from aerobic
oxidation?

Answer 161

Anaerobic oxidation
occurs in the absence of
free oxygen, whereas
aerobic oxidation occurs
in its presence.

Question 162

What is
hydrolysis?

Answer 162

The union of a substance
with one or more
molecules of water,
breaking down large
molecules into smaller and
simpler forms

Question 163

TRUE OR FALSE
The energy for all
functional activities in
living organisms comes
solely from anaerobic
oxidation.

Answer 163

False (most energy is
derived from the oxidation
of organic substances,
which can occur via both
aerobic and anaerobic
oxidation).

Question 164

TRUE OR FALSE
Aerobic oxidation
requires the
presence of free
oxygen.

Answer 164

TRUE

Question 165

TRUE OR FALSE
Reduction
involves the gain
of oxygen.

Answer 165

False (reduction
involves the loss of
oxygen or gain of
hydrogen or
electrons).

Question 166

TRUE OR FALSE
Hydrolysis is an important
reaction in digestion
because it breaks down
large molecules into
smaller ones.

Answer 166

TRUE

Question 167

TRUE OR FALSE
The oxidation of lactic
acid to pyruvic acid
occurs in the presence
of free oxygen.

Answer 167

False (this reaction is
typically part of anaerobic
processes, which means
by loss of electrons (gain
of valence), or absence of
presence.)

Question 168

TRUE OR FALSE
All proteins contain
the elements C,H,O,
and N; most also
contain sulfur.

Answer 168

TRUE

Question 169

The average
nitrogen content of
proteins is around
__% by mass

Answer 169

15.4%

Question 170

An element which
is very important in
the diet of infants
and children

Answer 170

Phosphorous

Question 171

Are organic compounds
of high molecular weight
made up of α–amino
acids joined by means
of peptide linkage.

Answer 171

Proteins

Question 172

This means that 19
of the 20 standard
amino acids
possess a ______.

Answer 172

Chiral
Center

Question 173

Is a protein that contains
all of the essential
amino acids in the same
relative amounts in
which the body needs
them.

Answer 173

Complete
dietary
protein

Question 174

Does not contain
adequate amounts,
relative to the
body’s needs.

Answer 174

Incomplete
dietary
protein

Question 175

Are two or more
incomplete dietary proteins
that when combined,
provide an adequate
amount of all essential
amino acids relative to the
body’s needs

Answer 175

Complentary
dietary
protein

Question 176

Is an amino acid that
contains one
aminogroup, one
carboxyl group, and a
non-polarsidechain.

Answer 176

Non-polar
amino
acids

Question 177

TRUE OR FALSE
Every amino acid
has a different
isoelectric pH.

Answer 177

TRUE

Question 178

Mother of
all amino
acids

Answer 178

Alanine

Question 179

Clinical
significance: it is a
substrate of SGPT
and SGOT.

Answer 179

Alanine

Question 180

SGPT
means?

Answer 180

Serum glutamic
acid pyvurate
transamylase

Question 181

SGOT
means?

Answer 181

Serum glutamic
acid oxalo
transamylase

Question 182

Important to
functioning of
the nervous
system.

Answer 182

Valine

Question 183

Are associated
with digestive
enzymes.

Answer 183

Leucine
and
Isoleucine

Question 184

The defect on the
metabolism of val, leu and
ile will accumulate in the
tissues, perhaps because
of the absence of enzymes
and that would result to a
certain disease called ___.

Answer 184

Maple
Urine
Syrup

Question 185

Is known
as “ helix
breaker

Answer 185

Proline

Question 186

Does not contain a
primary amino group; N
is bonded to 2 C-atoms
( not free ); also called
as imino acid.

Answer 186

Proline

Question 187

An essential
amino acid in
the human
system

Answer 187

Phenylalanine

Question 188

It is important in
the utilization of
Vit.C and
production of
thyroxin

Answer 188

Phenylalanine

Question 189

Is important in the
utilization of
B-vitamins and
synthesis of
neurotransmitters.

Answer 189

Tryptophan

Question 190

Present in the charred
portion of broiled fish
and meat, which is
responsible for cancer
diseases.

Answer 190

Tryptophan

Question 191

It participates in
transmethylation
reactions as methyl
donor; associated
with fat metabolism.

Answer 191

Methionine

Question 192

It initiates
protein
synthesis

Answer 192

Methionine

Question 193

An important
component of a
phosphoprotein;
PO4-3 group is
attached to ______.

Answer 193

Serine

Question 194

Important in
building tissues
and utilization
of nutrient

Answer 194

Threonine

Question 195

Needed in the
synthesis of
some thyroid
hormones

Answer 195

Tyrosine

Question 196

It has a unique
property; found
abundant in
natural curly hair.

Answer 196

Cysteine

Question 197

Is the simplest amino
acid; a major excitatory
neurotransmitter; used
by the body in the
detoxification of benzoic
acid

Answer 197

Glycine

Question 198

It is optically
inactive because of
the absence of
alpha asymmetric
Carbon.

Answer 198

Glycine

Question 199

Its salt form is
aspartate; which is
a major excitatory
neurotransmitter.

Answer 199

Aspartic
acid

Question 199

Contains a
ß - carboxyl
group

Answer 199

Aspartic
acid

Question 200

Contains a
gamma -
carboxyl group

Answer 200

Glutamic
acid

Question 201

Salt form is glutamate;
a major excitatory
neurotransmitter;
MSG ( monosodium
glutamate )

Answer 201

Glutamic
acid

Question 202

Is found in
collagen; aids in
assimilation of
other amino acids

Answer 202

Lysine

Question 203

Contains a guanido
or guanidinium
group which imparts
basicity to the
structure

Answer 203

Arginine

Question 204

Contains an
imidazole or
imidazolium
group

Answer 204

Histidine

Question 205

It has significant
buffering capacity at
physiological pH; the
only amino acid
having this property

Answer 205

Histidine

Question 206

Component
of cartilage
and skin

Answer 206

Collagen

Question 207

Component of
skin that
provides its
elasticity

Answer 207

Elastin

Question 208

Mechanical strength and
protective covering to
hair, fingernails,
feathers, hooves, and
etc.

Answer 208

Keratin

Question 209

Hydrolyzes
starch to
maltose

Answer 209

Amylase

Question 210

Hydrolyzes
lipids to
fatty

Answer 210

Lipase

Question 211

Catalyze
reduction-oxidation
reactions

Answer 211

Oxidases

Question 212

Bind to foreign
substances such as
bacteria or virus, to help
combat invasion of the
body by foreign
substances

Answer 212

Immunoglobulin
or Antibodies

Question 213

Transmit signals to
coordinate biochemical
processes between
different cells, tissues,
organs

Answer 213

Hormones

Question 214

Carries oxygen
from the lungs
to other organs
and tissues

Answer 214

Hemoglobin

Question 215

Carries iron
from the liver to
the bone
marrow

Answer 215

Transferrin

Question 216

Stores iron for use
in the biosynthesis
of new hemoglobin
molecules.

Answer 216

Ferritin

Question 217

Is an oxygen storage
protein present in
muscles. It is a reserve
oxygen source for
working muscles

Answer 217

Myoglobin

Question 218

They act as sites where
messenger molecules
bind, EXCEPT
Receptor proteins,
Channel proteins,
Glycoproteins,
Glycololueos

Answer 218

Glycololeus
– I made that
word up!

Question 219

Are contractile
proteins
present in
muscle

Answer 219

Actin and
Myosin

Question 220

Found in egg white
and provide
nourishment for
the developing
chick

Answer 220

Ovalbumin

Question 221

Found in milk to
nourish and provide
immunological
protection for
mammalian young

Answer 221

Casein

Question 222

Has one
polypeptide
chain only.

Answer 222

Monomeric
proteins

Question 223

Made up of two or
more polypeptide
chain. Each
polypeptide chain is
a protein subunit.

Answer 223

Multimeric
proteins

Question 224

Made up of
amino
acids only.

Answer 224

Simple
proteins

Question 225

Has one or more
non-amino acid
component which
are called
Prosthetic Groups.

Answer 225

Conjugated
proteins

Question 226

Exist as long
stranded molecules;
used for structural
purposes; insoluble
in water.

Answer 226

Fibrous
proteins

Question 227

Have spherical shape;
used for non structural
purposes but have
mobile or dynamic
functions; slightly
soluble in water

Answer 227

Globular
proteins

Question 228

Two types
of proteins:

Answer 228

Simple and
Conjugated
proteins

Question 229

Is a chain of amino acids
that is formed when the
carboxyl group of the
α-carbon of an amino acid
reacts with the amino
group of the α-carbon of
the second amino acid.

Answer 229

Peptide

Question 230

The bond formed in this
reaction is generally an
______. However, for
peptide proteins, the
bond is called a Peptide

Answer 230

Amide
bond

Question 231

The formation of peptide
is clearly a type of
_______, since water is
a product after the
reaction.

Answer 231

Dehydration
reaction

Question 232

A peptide that
contains 2
amino acids.

Answer 232

Dipeptide

Question 233

Peptides
with 3 amino
acids.

Answer 233

Tripeptide

Question 234

Peptides
with 4 amino
acids.

Answer 234

Tetrapeptide

Question 235

Normally, when a
peptide has 10-20
amino acid residues
it is already referred
to as an _____.

Answer 235

Oligopeptide

Question 236

When it contains more
than 20 amino acid
residues already it is
already referred to as
______.

Answer 236

Polypeptide

Question 237

TRUE OR FALSE
A peptide chain has
directionality because it
has an α-amino group at
one end and an α-carboxyl
group at the other.

Answer 237

TRUE

Question 238

TRUE OR FALSE
The N-terminal
residue of a peptide
chain has a free
α-carboxyl group

Answer 238

False (the
N-terminal residue
has a free α-amino
group).

Question 239

There are two well–known
enkephalins are
Met-enkephalin and
Leu-enkephalin, whose
structures differ only at the
C-terminal end of the peptide;
this amino acid difference is
incorporated in their names.

Answer 239

Met-enkephalin:
Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met
Leu-enkephalin:
Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu

Question 240

TRUE OR FALSE
By convention, the
sequence of amino acids
in a polypeptide chain is
written starting with the
C-terminal residue.

Answer 240

False (it is written
starting with the
N-terminal
residue)

Question 241

TRUE OR FALSE
The peptide backbone
consists of the
repeated sequence
–N–Cα–C–.

Answer 241

TRUE

Question 242

TRUE OR FALSE
The peptide backbone is
rich in hydrogen-bonding
potential due to the
presence of carbonyl
(C=O) and NH groups.

Answer 242

TRUE

Question 243

TRUE OR FALSE
The carbonyl group
(C=O) in the peptide
backbone is a good
hydrogen bond donor

Answer 243

False (the
carbonyl group
is a hydrogen
bond acceptor).

Question 244

TRUE OR FALSE
Proline has an NH
group, making it a good
hydrogen bond donor
like other amino acids.

Answer 244

False (proline is an
exception and
does not have a
typical NH group).

Question 245

TRUE OR FALSE
Hydrogen bonds between
the peptide backbone and
side chains of amino acid
residues help stabilize the
protein structure.

Answer 245

TRUE

Question 246

What gives a
peptide chain
its
directionality?

Answer 246

The presence of
an α-amino group
at one end and an
α-carboxyl group
at the other.

Question 247

What is the
N-terminal
residue in a
peptide chain?

Answer 247

The amino acid
residue with a
free α-amino
group.

Question 248

C-terminal
residue in a
peptide chain?

Answer 248

The amino acid
residue with a
free α-carboxyl
group.

Question 249

Is a pentapeptide
neurotransmitters
produced by the brain
itself that bind at
receptor sites in the
brain to reduce pain.

Answer 249

Enkephalins

Question 250

These are two painkillers
that can bind at the same
receptor sites in the brain
as the naturally occurring
enkephalins, and thus can
reduce pain.

Answer 250

Morphine
and
Codeine

Question 251

By convention, how
is the sequence of
amino acids in a
polypeptide chain
written?

Answer 251

Starting with
the N-terminal
residue.

Question 252

What does the
peptide
backbone
consist of?

Answer 252

The repeated sequence
–N–Cα–C–, where N is the
amide nitrogen, Cα is the
α-carbon of the amino acid
residue, and the final C is
the carbonyl carbon.

Question 253

What is the
hydrogen-bonding
potential of the
peptide backbone?

Answer 253

Each residue contains a
carbonyl group (C=O),
which is a good hydrogen
bond acceptor, and an NH
group, which is a good
hydrogen bond donor

Question 254

Peptides that contain
the same kind and
number of amino
acids but differ in
order are called

Answer 254

Isomeric
peptides

Question 255

These are peptide
hormones that are
both produced in
the pituitary gland

Answer 255

Oxytocin
and
Vasopressin

Question 256

Which suffix does
the –yl ending
replace in amino
acids when naming
peptides?

Answer 256

The -ine or
–ic acid
ending

Question 257

This is a tripeptide with the
sequence Glu-Cys-Gly
which is present in
significant concentrations
in most cells which serves
as an antioxidant

Answer 257

Glutathione

Question 258

in this reaction, simple
fragments unite with
one another to form a
more complex
compound

Answer 258

Condensation

Question 259

is the intramolecular
arrangement of atoms
within a molecule leading
to the formation of a new
substance having
distinctive properties of its
own.

Answer 259

Tautomerism or
Isomeric
Transformation