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Biochem Laboratory > Biochemistry Flashcards > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

key macromolecules for the continuity of life

A

nucleic acids

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2
Q

bears the hereditary information that`s passed on from parents to children, providing instructions for how and when to make the many proteins needed to build and maintain functioning cells, tissue and organisms

A

DNA

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3
Q

Nucleic acids macromolecules made out of units called?

A

nucleotides

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4
Q

Nucleic Acids come into two naturally occurring varieties

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
ribonucleic acid (RNA)

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5
Q

Nucleotides consists of three components namely

A

a base, a deoxyribose sugar for DNA
a ribose sugar for RNA
a 1-3 phosphate group linked via phosphodiester bonds

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6
Q

to detect each these components , an extracted DNA sample needs to be hydrolyzed or broken down first using

A

strong acid like H2SO4 at high temperature or by enzymes ( nuclease and phosphodiesterase)

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7
Q

test to detects the presence of reducing sugar

A

Fehlings test and Tollens test

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8
Q

test to detect the presence of phosphate group

A

small amount of the sample that is acidified with concentrated nitric acid

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9
Q

Purines and Pyrimidines in general being weak nonpolar bases are easily separated by

A

chromatography and electrophoresis

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10
Q

absorb light at ?

A

250-280 nm

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11
Q

This test is useful in detecting certain diseases such as gout

A

Uric acid test

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12
Q

Stores genetic information
Cellular library
Located in Nucleus
Double Strand

A

DNA

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13
Q

Transfer Genetic Information
Single Strand

A

RNA

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14
Q

Nucleic acid is a prosthetic groups of conjugated protein known as

A

Nucleoprotein

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15
Q

Where are the nucleoproteins found in the body

A

Nuclei of the cell
Tissue like cell nuclei
Protoplasm of the cell of both plants and animals
Thymus
Liver
Spleen
Kidney
Pancreas

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16
Q

Constantly circulating fluid providing the body with nutrition, oxygen, and waste removal

A

Blood

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17
Q

Is mostly liquid, with numerous cells and proteins suspended in it, making blood “thicker” than pure water

A

Blood

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18
Q

the average person has about how many liters of blood?

A

5 liters

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19
Q

It contains proteins that help the blood to clot, transport substances through the blood, and perform other functions

A

Plasma

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20
Q

Blood plasma also contains

A

Glucose and other dissolved nutrients

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21
Q

Blood is conducted through?

A

Blood vessels ( arteries and veins)

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22
Q

Carries oxygen to the tissues

A

Red Blood Cells (RBC)

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23
Q

Fight Infections

A

White Blood Cells (WBC)

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24
Q

Smaller cells that help the blood to clot

A

Platelets

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25
Q

Both are liquid medium that blood cells move through

A

Blood serum and Blood plasma

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26
Q

Difference between Blood serum and Blood plasma

A

the presence of the coagulants that allow blood clots to form

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27
Q

When those coagulants are present, the liquid is referred to

A

As plasma

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28
Q

When removed the coagulants what remains is?

A

Serum

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29
Q

Is the liquid fraction of whole blood that is collected after the blood is allowed to clot

A

Serum

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30
Q

Clot is removed by centrifugation and the resulting supernatant, designated serum, is carefully removed using a

A

Pasteur pipette

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31
Q

Produced when whole blood is collected in tubes that are treated with an anticoagulant

A

Plasma

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32
Q

The major components of blood

A

Plasma, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and Platelets

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32
Q

The major components of blood

A

Plasma, Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and Platelets

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33
Q

This is the major constituent of blood comprises about 55 percent of blood volume

A

Plasma

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34
Q

Plasma contains

A

Salts, Proteins, and Blood cells

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35
Q

Plasma transports

A

Nutrients, Sugar, fats, hormones, gases, and waste material

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36
Q

These cells determine blood type and are the most abundant cell type in the blood

A

Red Blood Cell ( erythrocytes)

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37
Q

Red Blood Cells have what is known as a

A

Biconcave shape

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38
Q

These play an important role in the immune system and lymphatic system by defending the body against infection

A

White Blood Cells ( leukocytes)

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39
Q

These cells components are formed from pieces of cells found in the bone marrow megakaryocytes

A

Platelets ( thrombocytes)

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40
Q

Each red blood cell is about

A

1/3 hemoglobin , by volume

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41
Q

Plasma is about what percent of water?

A

92%

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42
Q

The main plasma protein groups are

A

Albumins, globulins, and fibrinogens

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43
Q

The primary blood gasses are

A

oxygen, carbon dioxide , and nitrogen

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44
Q

The most common method of separating blood is

A

To centrifuge (spin it)

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45
Q

A thin cream- colored layer consisting of white blood cells and platelets forms below the plasma

A

buffy coat

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46
Q

The average adult has about liters of blood

A

5

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47
Q

Test measures the amount of nitrogen in your blood that comes from waste product urea

A

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

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48
Q

Is the major end product of protein and amino acids catabolism

A

Urea

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49
Q

Test to see how well your kidney works

A

BUN test

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50
Q

Can make your BUN level higher

A

Chronic renal disease dehydration, or a high protein diet

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51
Q

Can lower your BUN level

A

Liver disease or damage

52
Q

Normal value BUN

A

8-23 mg/dl

53
Q

test to measures the level of creatinine in the blood

A

Creatinine blood test

54
Q

What three amino acids produce in Creatinine?

A

Methionine, Arginine, and Lysine

55
Q

Normal value in creatinine

A

0.5-1.5 mg/dL

56
Q

Picric acid + NaOH+ serum=

A

[+] red- precipitate

57
Q

Is a waste product found in the blood

A

Uric acid

58
Q

Uric acid normal value in female and male

A

2.6-6.0 mg/dL female
3.5-7.2 mg/dL male

59
Q

is the main sugar found in your blood

A

Blood sugar or Glucose

60
Q

Is a disease in which your blood sugar levels are too high

A

Diabetes ( type 1, 2, PCOs, and gestational)

61
Q

Normal value in blood sugar

A

70-140 mg/dL

62
Q

Benedict`s test+ serum=

A

[+] brick-red precipitate

63
Q

Is a fat-like, waxy substance that can be found in all parts of your body

A

Cholesterol

64
Q

Cholesterol in our blood comes from two sources

A

the foods that we eat
your liver

65
Q

Normal value in cholesterol

A

150-190 mg/dL

66
Q

Liebermann Burchard + whole blood=

A

[+] green solution

67
Q

salkowski + whole blood=

A

[+] red solution

68
Q

Is a major extracellular anion

A

Chloride

69
Q

normal value in chloride

A

98-107 mmol/L

70
Q

Silver nitrate+ serum=

A

[+] white precipitate

71
Q

Is a mineral that body needs to build strong bones and teeth

A

Phosphorous

72
Q

normal value in phosphorous=

A

3-4mg/dL

73
Q

Ammonium molybdate + serum=

A

[+] yellow precipitate

74
Q

Is a mineral present exclusively in the plasma, the fifth most common element

A

Calcium

75
Q

When you have more calcium in your blood than normal what doctor`s called?

A

hypercalcelma

76
Q

Normal value in Calcium=

A

9-11 mg/dL

77
Q

Is the major extracellular cation that helps maintain fluid levels and the balance of chemicals in your body acids and bases

A

Sodium

78
Q

Normal value in Sodium=

A

135-145 mmol/L

79
Q

Albanese lein+ serum=

A

[+] yellow precipitate

80
Q

Is the second most abundant anion in the extracellular fluid

A

bicarbonate

81
Q

Normal value in bicarbonate=

A

21-28 mEq/L (veneous blood)

82
Q

Is one of the most common blood test

A

Complete blood count (CBC)

83
Q

Is a measure of how much of your blood volume

A

hematocrit

84
Q

Is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to cells

A

hemoglobin

85
Q

Is a measure of the average size of your red blood cells

A

mean corpuscular (MCV)

86
Q

It offers potential as a useful diagnostic fluid

A

saliva test

87
Q

SIMBAS stand for?

A

Self-powered Integrated Microfluidic Blood Analysis System

88
Q

It is a tiny lab on a computer chip that can yield blood test results within about 10 mins

A

SIMBAS

89
Q

Is a blood test microchip that only requires a drop of blood in order to make an analysis

A

Microemulsion

90
Q

Test for glucose

A

Benedicts reagent (brick red)

91
Q

Test for protein

A

Ammonium sulfate and serum ( red orange solution)

92
Q

Test for chloride

A

addition of silver nitrate and nitric acid produce white precipitate

93
Q

hemi means

A

red pigment

94
Q

globin means

A

protein

95
Q

an important laboratory test for the assessment of kidney dysfunctions when the specimen is collected, processed, and analyzed correctly

A

urinalysis

96
Q

may be considered as filtrate from the blood

A

urine

97
Q

indicates a high specific gravity and small quantity of urine

A

Amber color

98
Q

Normal odor pf urine?

A

aromatic

99
Q

Is observed in a patient with diabetes when large amounts of acetone or ketone bodies are present and helpful in the diagnosis of ketosis

A

fruity aroma

100
Q

24 hour amount of the normal urine (adult) is about?

A

1000-2000 mL

101
Q

Urine is acidic with the average of?

A

pH 6.6

102
Q

Urea is an organic compound whose chemical formula is

A

(NH2)2CO

103
Q

Urea is also known as

A

carbamide

104
Q

A hormone called helps move glucose from the bloodstream into the cells

A

Insulin

105
Q

Normal color in urine

A

pale yellow to amber

106
Q

Not normal urine

A

dark yellow

107
Q

RNA classified as

A

Aldoses

108
Q

removed by centrifudge

A

Clot

109
Q

are among the most common diagnostic tests performed to detect and diagnose ilnessess

A

Blood chemistry test

110
Q

what is the most abundant plasma protein

A

albumin

111
Q

Increase of glucose in the blood

A

hyperglycemia

112
Q

decrease of glucose value in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

113
Q

the normal volume of urine by a normal adult will vary from around

A

240-300 ml

114
Q

abnormal platelets levels may signal a
or

A

bleeding disorder
thrombotic disorder

115
Q

can raise the levels of hemoglobin

A

diabetes

116
Q

Saliva test are typically analyzed using

A

PCR, ELISA, mass spectrometry, analytical chemistry techniques

117
Q

SIMBAS still requires blood, only a droplet is required. which can be obtained from a

A

5 ul, finger prick

118
Q

a high hematocrit level can indicates
while a low may indicates

A

dehydration
anemia

119
Q

It can be used as an initial screening test for an infection and a general measures of health

A

complete blood count (CBC)

120
Q

CBC assay of the
and the

A

ratio of red to white blood cells
number of platelets in blood

121
Q

A little ammonium molybdate is added to form an
which can be seen as ammonium

A

ammonium phosphomolybdate complex
yellow precipitate

122
Q

plasma is produced when treated with an

A

anticoagulant

123
Q

are converted into uric acid via and are considered waste

A

purines

124
Q

nucleoside plus phosphate group

A

nucleotide

125
Q

nucleotide contains only a
bonded in a
or

A

nitrogen base
sugar

126
Q

uric acid is the major product of

A

catabolism

127
Q

creatinine is the end product of

A

muscle metabolism

Biochem Laboratory (2 decks)

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