Biochemistry Exam II

Question 1

Forms of Intracellular signaling

Answer 1

Contact-dependent
Paracrine (local mediator)
synpatic (neurotrans)
endocrine (blood-hormone)

Question 2

Receptor activation results in

Answer 2

downstream signals

Question 3

Extracellular receptors

Answer 3

Ionotropic
Metabotropic
Tyrosine Kinase

Question 4

Intracellular receptors

Answer 4

Steroid hormones

Question 5

Types of Steroid hormones

Answer 5

estrogen
progesterone
testosterone
aldosterone
glucocorticoids
DHEA
-->Use endocrine signaling mainly

Question 6

Ionotropic receptors (Intracellular receptor)

Answer 6

Nicotinic AChR
5HT3 receptor
Glutamate receptor
GABAa receptor
Glycine receptor
-->Ion channel-linked receptors

Question 7

Metabotropic Receptors (Intracellular receptor)

Answer 7

Muscarininc Acetylcholine receptor
Beta-Adrenergic receptor
G-Protein-linked receptor
Many, many others

Question 8

Major Intracellular Transduction Pathways

Answer 8

cAMP pathway

IP3 pathway

Question 9

Steps of major cAMP pathway

Answer 9

Signlaing molecule
Cell surface receptor
G protein
enzyme
intracellular mediator (cAMP)
target protein

Question 10

Steps of major IP3 pathway

Answer 10

Signaling molecule
Cell surface receptor
G-protein
enzyme
intracellular mediator (Ca2+)
target protein

Question 11

G proteins ____ when stimulated

Answer 11

Dissociate

Question 12

Types of G-proteins

Answer 12

Alpha s
Alpha I
Alpha q
Alpha t

Question 13

Alpha s G-protein

Answer 13

Stimulates adenylate cyclase

Question 14

Alpha I G-protein

Answer 14

Inhibits adenylate cyclase

Question 15

Alpha q G-protein

Answer 15

Activates PLC

Question 16

Alpha t G-protein

Answer 16

Activates cGMP

Question 17

Cyclic AMP Cascade

Answer 17

Gs
adenylate cyclase
cAMP
PKA

Question 18

Phosphatases…..

Answer 18

remove phosphorylation–always basal state of activation

Question 19

____dissociates when activated by cAMP

Answer 19

protein kinase A (PKA)

–>into regulatory subunit and catalytic subunit

Question 20

Tyrosine Kinase

Answer 20

Insulin 
Insulin-like growth factors (IGF's)
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF)
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)
Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)
-->Enzyme linked receptors

Question 21

Tyrosine Kinase domains come together and

Answer 21

autophosphorylate

Question 22

RAS proteins are

Answer 22

small G-proteins

Question 23

RAS proteins

Answer 23

Cell proliferation
Membrane bound
GTP-dep. switches
Activate MAP kinases

Question 24

Cytokines use the _____ signaling pathway

Answer 24

Cytokines