Biochemistry Exam II

Question 1

Study of heredity.

Involves study of cells, individuals, their offspring, and the populations within which they live

Answer 1

Genetics

Question 2

Investigate all forms of inherited variation and the nature of the underlying genetic basis of such characteristics

Answer 2

Geneticists

Question 3

Constructed by mating individuals from two parent strains, each having one of the two contrasting forms of the character under study

Answer 3

Monohybrid cross
P1–parental generation
F1–First fillial generation

Question 4

Physical appearance of a trait is called the

Answer 4

Phenotype

Question 5

Individuals that result from self-fertilization of the F1 generation

Answer 5

F2 generation

Question 6

Mendels first postulate

Answer 6

Unit factors in pairs: Genetic characters are controlled by unit factors that exist in pairs in individual organisms

Question 7

Mendels second postulate

Answer 7

Dominance/Recessiveness: Two unlike unit factors responsible for a single character are present in a single individual, one unit factor is dominant to the other, which is said to be recessive

Question 8

Mendels third postulate

Answer 8

Segregation: During the formation of gametes, the paired unit factors separate or segregate randomly so that each gametes receives one or the other with equal likelihood

Question 9

Mating individuals from two parent strains. There are two pairs of contrasting forms of character under study.

Answer 9

Dihybrid Cross

Question 10

Mendels fourth postulate

Answer 10

Independent Assortment: During gamete formation, segregating pairs of unit factors assort independently of each other

Question 11

Gives rise to the observed phenotypes of an organism

Answer 11

Function of proteins

Question 12

Sequence of DNA bases containing biologically useful information (unit factor)

Answer 12

Gene

Question 13

Specific position or location of a gene on a chromosome

Answer 13

Genetic locus

Question 14

Alt. form of a gene (unlike unit factor)

Answer 14

Allele

Question 15

Identical alleles at a locus

Answer 15

Homozygous

Question 16

Different alleles at a locus

Answer 16

Heterozygous

Question 17

The first division of meiosis (gamete formation, segregation) separates

Answer 17

homologous chromosomes

Question 18

The second division of meiosis (gamete formation, segregation) separates

Answer 18

sister chromatids

Question 19

Cells contain two sets of chromosomes

Answer 19

Diploid

Question 20

Condition in which cells contain one set of chromosomes (egg and sperm also called gametes)

Answer 20

Haploid

Question 21

The specific allelic or genetic constitution of an organism

Answer 21

Genotype

Question 22

Dihybrid cross when genes under study are on different chromosomes

Answer 22

Independent assortment

Question 23

During gamete formation, segregating pairs of factors assort independently of each other

Answer 23

Independent assortment