Biochemistry: Chemistry of Life

Question 1

isotopes

Answer 1

atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic mass (neutrons)

Question 2

The Big 4 (body elements)

Answer 2

Oxygen - 65%
Carbon - 18.5%
Hydrogen 9.5%
Nitrogen - 3%

Question 3

Iconic Bonds

Answer 3

atom transfers electrons

two oppositely charged ions attract

Question 4

Covalent bonds

Answer 4

molecules share the two electrons to become more stable

Question 5

Carbohydrates

Answer 5

C-H-O

contain a lot of potential energy and are broken down by organisms

Question 6

monosaccharides

Answer 6

glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 7

disaccharides

Answer 7

polysaccharides formed by the union of two simple sugars

Question 8

glucose: energy needed

Answer 8

molecular bonds broken down , and new lower-energy bonds formed

Question 9

glucose: energy not needed

Answer 9

short term- stored as glycogen

long term- converted to fat

Question 10

Lipids

Answer 10

doesn’t not dissolve in water (nonpolar)
greasy to the touch
can hold a lot of energy

Question 11

3 types of lipids

Answer 11

fats -long term energy
sterols- regulate growth and development
phospholipids- form cellular membranes

Question 12

saturated vs non saturated fats

Answer 12

saturated fats - each carbon in the hydrocarbon chain is bound to two hydrogen atoms

unsaturated fats - at least one carbon is bound to just one hydrogen causing fatty acid to have crooked shape

Question 13

Hydrogenation

Answer 13

the addition of hydrogen atom to make fat more saturated

Question 14

sterols

Answer 14

cholesterol- can thicken walls , cause health problems

steroid hormones - regulate sexual development, maturation, and sex cell production

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

phosphate backbone spirals around each other connected by bases sticking out from sugar molecules

Question 16

RNA

Answer 16

ribonucleic acid

takes instructions of a protein from dna , moves them to another part of cell , directs to build protein