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Biology > Biochemistry - carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid > Flashcards

Biochemistry - carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the monomers in carbohydrates?

A

glucose, fructose, galactose

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2
Q

what are the polymers in carbohydrates?

A

glycogen, starch, cellulose

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3
Q

what are the monomers in proteins?

A

amino acids

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4
Q

what are the polymers in proteins?

A

proteins, polypeptide chains

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5
Q

what are the monomers in lipids?

A

fatty acids and glycerol

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6
Q

what are the polymers in lipids?

A

lipids and cholesterol

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7
Q

what are the monomers in nucleic acid?

A

nucleotides

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8
Q

what are the polymers in nucleic acid?

A

DNA and RNA

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9
Q

what is dehydration synthesis?

A

when water is removed from molecules to bond monomers into a polymer

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10
Q

what is the product of dehydration synthesis?

A

water

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11
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

when water is added to split a polymer into monomers

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12
Q

what is water in hydrolysis?

A

a reactant

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13
Q

what is the formula for a monosaccharide?

A

(CH2O)n

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14
Q

what bond holds disaccharides together?

A

glycosidic bond

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15
Q

maltose

A

glucose + glucose

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16
Q

sucrose

A

glucose + fructose

17
Q

lactose

A

glucose + galactose

18
Q

what polysaccharide do animals use?

A

glycogen

19
Q

what polysaccharide do plants use?

A

starch and cellulose

20
Q

what is an isomer?

A

molecules with the same formula but different arrangements

21
Q

what elements make up carbohydrates?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

22
Q

what elements make up lipids?

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and phosphorous (in phospholipids)

23
Q

what is the role of lipids?

A

an energy source, protect organs, provide waterproofing and insulation to cells

24
Q

what are the types of lipids?

A

triglycerides and phospholipids

25
Q

what are in triglycerides?

A

3 fatty acids, 1 glycerol, 3 ester bonds

26
Q

what is in phospholipids?

A

2 fatty acids, 1 glycerol, a phosphate group

27
Q

how does the head of a phospholipid react to water?

A

it is hydrophilic

28
Q

how does the tail of a phospholipid react to water?

A

it is hydrophobic

29
Q
A

Biology (3 decks)

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