BIOCHEMISTRY AND THE ORGANIZATION OF CELLS

Question 1

Define biochemistry

Answer 1

describes the molecular nature of life processes

Question 2

Known as the molecules of life. Give the classifications.

Answer 2

Biomolecules. proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, lipids

Question 3

In organic chemistry, substance that undergo the same reaction belong to the same ______.

Answer 3

functional groups

Question 4

Biomolecules are fundamentally made up of what 6 elements?

Answer 4

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous.CHONPS, most prominent is carbon for its ability to self-bond- can create many different compound

Question 5

Cells are made up of very large molecules made up of linked smaller molecules called _____, that can be linked together to form _____, also called ________.

a. polymers, monomers, macromolecules
b. macromolecules, polymers, monomers
c. monomers, polymers, macromolecules
d. monomers, macromolecules, polymers

Answer 5

monomers, macromolecules, polymers
The importance of carbon is notable because is is tetravalent, it can from bonds with itself and with other elements giving rile to different monomers such as amino acids, nucleotides, and sugar monomers ( monosaccharides)

Question 6

Monomers of carbohydrates are called?

Answer 6

monosaccharides

Question 7

The monomers of proteins are called?

Answer 7

amino acids , sequence of amino acids determine the proteins formed. sequence is important.

Question 8

The monomers of nucleic acids?

Answer 8

nucleotides , in the genetic code lies the sequence of monomeric nucleotides that polymerize to form nucleic acids, molecules of heredity

Question 9

What does DNA stand for? RNA?

Answer 9

deoxyribonucleic acids , ribonucleic acids

Question 10

The total DNA of a cell is called the ___. Individual units of heredity which controls the individual traits by coding for functional proteins/RNA are called _____.

a. Genes, genome
b. Genome, genes

Answer 10

genome, genes

Question 11

Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes? Organism that may probably resemble the earliest cells

Answer 11

Prokaryotes. includes bacteria and cyanobacteria

Question 12

Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes? More complex organisms, larger, and can be multicellular or single-celled.

Answer 12

Eukaryotes

Question 13

Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes? Well-defined nucleus

Answer 13

Eukaryotes

Question 14

Eukaryotes or Prokaryotes? Existence of organelles

Answer 14

Eukaryotes , organelle- part of the cell that has distinct function; has its own membrane within the cell
plasma membrane is the only membrane in eukaryotes.

Question 15

A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus with a _____. The respiratory organelles called the _____ and the internal membrane system called the ______ are common to all eukaryotic cells. The sites of protein synthesis in all living organisms called _________ are frequently bound to the ________ in eukaryotes, while in prokaryotes it is found in the ______.

rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, cytosol, nuclear membrane, ribosomes , endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 15

nuclear membrane> mitochondria>endoplasmic reticulum> ribosomes>rough endoplasmic reticulum>cytosol

Question 16

Cytoplasm or Cytosol? portion of the cell that lies outside the nucleus

Answer 16

cytoplasm, cytosol- aqueous portion of the cell that lies outside the membrane bound organelles

Question 17

TRUE OR FALSE? Prokaryotes have a nuclear region, which contains DNA and ribosomes. The have a cell membrane but do not have an internal membrane system.

Answer 17

TRUE

Question 18

What is considered to be the most important eukaryotic organelle?

Answer 18

nucleus

Question 19

TRUE OR FALSE: RIBOSOMES ARE ORGANELLES

Answer 19

False

Ribosomes are not, strictly speaking organelles. Ribosomes can occur free in the cytosol