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My Renal > Biochemistry and Microbiology > Flashcards

Biochemistry and Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is clearance?

A

the volume of plasma that is theoretically cleared of a substance per minute

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2
Q

What can eGFR be used to assess and classify?

A

chronic kidney disease into stages so as GFR goes down the stages/severity of disease gets higher

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3
Q

What is used in order to get accurate GFR assessment?

A

51Cr-EDTA clearance

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4
Q

How can protein in the urine be tested?

A

(usually retained)

can be measured with a 24hr collection

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5
Q

What value of protein in urine is bad damage?

A

> 150mg/day is significant glomerular damage

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6
Q

What can protein in the urine be caused by?

A
  • overflow so not all can be reabsorbed
  • tubular block
  • glomerular issue
  • secretion from vessels
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7
Q

What happens when there is low albumin?

A

water will move out do there is oedema

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8
Q

What is microalbuminuria?

A
  • small abnormal excretion of albumin which is undetectable by dipstick
  • this is an early expression of diabetic nephropathy
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9
Q

What are the causes of oliguria?

A
  • pre-renal= reduced renal perfusion eg blood loss
  • renal= intrinsic kidney tissue damage eg glomerulonephritis
  • post-renal= ureteric/urethral obstruction eg cancer/stones
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10
Q

What is the special feature of the kidneys?

A

endocrine organ involved in RAAS, gut, bone marrow and pituitary hormones

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11
Q

What is used to assess tubular function?

A

urine osmolality which is most useful when it is exactly the same as or very different from serum osmolality

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12
Q

What is a UTI?

A

presence of microorganisms in the UT that are causing an infection

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13
Q

What are the types of UTI?

A

lower- bladder/cystitis

upper- ureters with or without kidney involvement so pyelonephritis

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14
Q

What is normally in the lower urethra?

A

coliforms and enterococci

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15
Q

What is a complicated UTI?

A

systemic symptoms or stones/structural abnormality

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of cystitis?

A 
frequent, urgent urination
dysuria
suprapubic pain
nocturia/haematuria
malaise
17
Q

What is the treatment for asymptomatic bacteruria in pregnancy?

A

antibiotics

18
Q

What is the treatment for ESBL?

A

Temocillin IV
Pirmecillinam PO
Carbapenems

19
Q

What is Trimethoprim used for?

A

inhibits bacterial folic acid synthesis so most coliforms and S aureus

20
Q

What is Nitrofurantoin used for?

A

good for bladder so coliforms, enterococci and S aureus

My Renal (8 decks)

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