Biochemistry and Lab Techniques Flashcards
(54 cards)
fatty acids
long carbon chains with a carboxylic acid end
- hormones/intracelular messengers
- components of cell membrane
- act as fuel for body
lipolysis
tricylglycerols hydrolyzed to form glycerol and the corresponding fatty acids
reverse of esterification
saponification
triacylglycerols cleaved by addition of NaOH, key reaction in production of soap
since the hydrophobic carbon chain predominated, fatty acids are ____
nonpolar
fatty acids enter into the ____ ____ 2 carbons at a time
Kreb’s cycle
a peptide bond creates a functional group known as an ___
amide
the R group is called the ____ of the aino acid
side chain
____ alpha amino acids
20
___ essential amino acids
10
polar side groups are ____ and nonpolar side groups are ____
polar are hydrophlic, nonpolar are hydrophobic
isoelectric point, pI
pH where the population has no net charge and the max number of species are zwitterons, pH at first equivalence point
all acidic and basic R groups are also ____
polar
only the three ____ amino acids have an isoelectric point above a pH of 7
basic, all other aa’s have pI below 7
hexoses
6 carbon carbohydrates, glucose and fructose
glucose is an ____ and fructose is a ____
aldehyde, ketone
aldoses and ketoses
aldose: polyhydroxyaldehydes like glucose
ketoses: polyhydroxyketones like fructose
aldohexose
glucose
if hydroxyl group on highest numbered chiral carbon point to the right…
carb is labeled D
anomeric carbon of ring structure of hexoses
only carbon attached to two oxygens, alcohol group may point up or down-alpha or beta anomer
5 membered ring
furanose
six membered ring
pyranose
names of reducing sugars end is ____, names of nonreducing sugars end in ___
-ose, -oside
sucrose
glucose + fructose
1,1’ glycosidic linkage (1,2’ linkage)
maltose
glucose + glucose
alpha-1,4’l glucosidic linkage
