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USMLE 1 > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Chromatin Structure

A

Structure of DNA.

DNA loops 2x around histone octamer - forms nucleosome.

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2
Q

H1

A

Binds to nucleosome and “linker DNA”.

Stabilizes chromatin fiber.

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3
Q

DNA: Negative Charge

A

Phosphate Groups

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4
Q

DNA: Positive Charge

A

Lysine & Arginine

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5
Q

DNA condenses to form chromosomes in…

A

Mitosis

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6
Q

DNA and histone synthesis occurs in…

A

S Phase

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7
Q

Have their own circular DNA w/o histones…

A

Mitochondria

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8
Q

Heterochromatin

A

Condensed
Appears darker on EM
Transcriptionally inactive
Increased Methylation; Decreased Acetylation

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9
Q

Echromatin

A

Less condensed
Appears lighter on EM
Transcriptionally active

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10
Q

Barr Bodies

A

Inactive X chromosomes

Visible on periphery of nucleus

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11
Q

Changes the expression of a DNA segment w/o changing the sequence.

A

DNA Methylation

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12
Q

DNA Methylation

involved w/

A 
Genomic Imprinting
X-chromosome inactivation
Repression of transposable elements
Aging
Carcinogenesis
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13
Q

DNA is methylated in…

A

Imprinting

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14
Q

Methylation w/in gene promoter…

A

(CpG islands)

Represses (silences) gene transcription

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15
Q

Histone Methylation

A

Causes reversible transcriptional suppression

Can cause activation depending on location of methyl groups

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16
Q

Histone Acetylation

A

Removal of histone positive charge -> Relaxed DNA coiling -> Increased transcription

17
Q

Histone Deacetylation

A

Removal of acetyl groups -> Tightened DNA coiling -> Decreased transcription

USMLE 1 (1 decks)

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